The prevalence of mcr -1 and resistance characteristics of Escherichia coli isolates from diseased and healthy pigs

Li, Xiao-shen; Liu, Bao-guang; Yu, Xuegong; Li, Fulin; Li, Yuan; Hu, Gongzheng

doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.12.014

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Apart from the wide genetic diversity, we detected a high prevalence of the mcr-1 gene (25%) in the commensal E. coli population. Although the study design and the host species were different, a similar alarming high frequency of mcr-1 was detected in E. coli from human and livestock sources in Thailand 23 and one study from China 24 . Overall, the high frequency of mcr-1 gene detected in this study is still the exception, and much higher than previously reported studies from Germany (3.8%) 25 , China (1% or less) and other countries 26 – 28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

High prevalence of mcr-1-encoded colistin resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from broiler chicken in Bangladesh

Ahmed

Das

Islam

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Colistin is a last-resort antimicrobial used for the treatment of human infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, colistin is still widely used in intensive poultry production in Bangladesh. We aimed to investigate the dynamics and genetic diversity of colistin-resistant commensal Escherichia coli from broiler chickens. A total of 1200 E. coli strains were characterized from 20 broiler farms at three-time points along the production period. All strains were screened for mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes by a multiplex PCR, and their genetic diversity was measured by repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR fingerprinting. Genomic diversity and characterization were performed by whole genome sequencing (WGS). Twenty-five percent of the commensal E. coli strains harbored mcr-1 genes. Frequency of mcr-1 gene detection correlated positively (odds ratio 1.71; 95% CI 0.96–3.06; p = 0.068) with the use of colistin in poultry flocks. REP-PCR profiles and WGS analysis showed diverse E. coli population carrying multiple antimicrobial resistance genes. Phylogenetic comparison of mcr-1-bearing strains recovered from this study with a global strain collection revealed wide phylogenetic relationship. This study identified a high prevalence of mcr-1 gene among genetically diverse E. coli populations from broiler chickens in Bangladesh suggesting a massive horizontal spread of mcr-1 rather than by clonal expansion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

High prevalence of mcr-1-encoded colistin resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from broiler chicken in Bangladesh

Ahmed

Das

Islam

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…The 37 mcr-1 positive isolates recovered from PWD in Italy also showed genetically diverse pathotypes and all but one were resistant to ≥3 different antimicrobial families ( Curcio et al, 2017 ). Li et al (2017) found a higher prevalence of mcr-1 positie isolates among pathogenic E. coli from diseased pigs than from healthy pigs (45.1 versus 15.7%, P = 0.000); besides, resistance profiles of mcr-1 positive E. coli were more extensive than those of mcr-1 negative isolates. In our study, it is also of concern the finding of 11 out of the 65 mcr-1 isolates with MIC >32 mg/L for fosfomycin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Swine Enteric Colibacillosis in Spain: Pathogenic Potential of mcr-1 ST10 and ST131 E. coli Isolates

et al. 2018

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This is a wide epidemiological study of 499 E. coli isolates recovered from 179 outbreaks of enteric colibacillosis from pig production farms in Spain during a period of 10 years. Most samples were of diarrheagenic cases occurred during the post-wean period (PWD) which showed to be significantly associated with ETEC (67%) followed by aEPEC (21.7%). On the contrary, aEPEC was more prevalent (60.3%) among diarrheas of suckling piglets, followed by ETEC (38.8%). STEC/ETEC or STEC were recovered in 11.3 and 0.9% of PWD and neonatal diarrhea, respectively. Detection of the F4 colonization factor was not significantly different between isolates recovered from neonatal pigs and those recovered post wean (40.5 versus 27.7%) while F18 was only present among PWD isolates (51.5% of ETEC, STEC, and STEC/ETEC isolates). We also found a high prevalence of resistance to colistin related to the presence of the mcr-1 gene (25.6% of the diarreagenic isolates). The characterization of 65 representative mcr-1 isolates showed that all were phenotypically resistant to colistin (>2 μg/ml), and most (61 of 65) multidrug-resistant (MDR). Six ETEC and one STEC mcr-1 isolates were also carriers of ESBL genes. In addition, other seven mcr-1 isolates harbored mcr-4 (three ETEC) and mcr-5 (two ETEC and two aEPEC) genes. In the phylogenetic analysis of the 65 mcr-1 diarrheagenic isolates we found that more than 50% (38 out of 65) belonged to A-ST10 Cplx and from those, 29 isolates showed the clonotype CH11-24. In this study, we also recovered 18 ST131 isolates including seven mcr-1 carriers. To the best of our knowledge, this would be the first report of ST131 mcr-1 isolation in pigs. Worryingly, the swine mcr-1 ST131 carriers also showed MDR, including to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tobramycin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. In the PFGE-macrorestriction comparison of clinical swine and human ST131, we found high similarities (≥85%) between two pig and two human ST131 isolates of virotype D5. Acquisition of mcr-1 by this specific clone means an increased risk due to its special feature of congregating virulence and resistance traits, together with its spread capability. Here we show a potential zoonotic swine source of ST131.

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“…These are periods when pigs are most susceptible to getting diarrhoea from common pathogens such as post-weaning E. coli and salmonellosis. The use of colistin in pigs has been shown to lead to the development of a plasmid-mediated colistin-resistant gene in humans in China 7 25. Consequently, in 2018, DLD restricted the use of colistin for disease prevention in livestock, and farmers replaced it with halquinol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How antibiotics are used in pig farming: a mixed-methods study of pig farmers, feed mills and veterinarians in Thailand

et al. 2020

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BackgroundRising global concern about antimicrobial resistance has drawn attention to the use of antibiotics in livestock. Understanding the current usage of antibiotics in these animals is essential for effective interventions on the optimisation of antibiotic use. However, to date few studies have been conducted in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to explore the use of antibiotics and estimate the total amount of antibiotics used in pig production in Thailand.MethodsThis was a mixed-methods study including a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of 84 pig farmers, secondary analysis of data from a survey of 31 feed mills to estimate the amount of antibiotics mixed in pig feed and interviews with five veterinarians involved in the feed mill industry to gain an understanding of medicated feed production.FindingsHalf of the farmers reported using antibiotics for disease prevention. Use was significantly associated with farmers’ experience in raising pigs, farm income, having received advice on animal health and belonging to a farm cooperative. The estimated total amount of active ingredients mixed into medicated feed for pigs for the whole country was 843 tonnes in 2017. Amoxicillin was the most commonly used antibiotic reported by both pig farms and feed mills. The use of Critically Important Antimicrobials including colistin was common, with one-third of farmers reporting their use as oral or as injectable medication, and accounting for nearly two-thirds of antibiotics contained in medicated feed.ConclusionA majority of antibiotics used in Thai pig farms belonged to the category of Critically Important Antimicrobials. Progressive restriction in the use of antibiotics in pigs is recommended through using prescriptions to control the distribution of certain antibiotics. The government should strengthen veterinary services to improve access of farmers to animal health advice and explore alternative interventions.

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The prevalence of mcr -1 and resistance characteristics of Escherichia coli isolates from diseased and healthy pigs

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

High prevalence of mcr-1-encoded colistin resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from broiler chicken in Bangladesh

High prevalence of mcr-1-encoded colistin resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from broiler chicken in Bangladesh

Swine Enteric Colibacillosis in Spain: Pathogenic Potential of mcr-1 ST10 and ST131 E. coli Isolates

How antibiotics are used in pig farming: a mixed-methods study of pig farmers, feed mills and veterinarians in Thailand

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