The prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated factors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Abstract

Background: Dyslipidemia increases the frequency and severity of micro and macrovascular complications of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The present study aims to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its association with clinical and laboratory findings in diabetic children and adolescents. Methods: The study included 202 children and adolescents with T1D. Demographic data and laboratory findings were obtained from patients files. Results: Dyslipidemia prevalence was found to be 26.2%. Hypercholesterolemia (15.8%) and hyperglyceridemia (12.9%) were most common findings. Age, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A 1c (A 1C ) and poor metabolic control were significantly higher in cases with dyslipidemia. Smoking rate was 14.1% in the pubertal group. Poor metabolic control and dyslipidemia was found higher among smokers (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Blood lipid levels should be monitored regularly and nutrition education should be repeated periodically to prevent and control dyslipidemia in patients with T1D. Smoking-related risks should be a part of patient education in the pubertal period.

Diabetes and lipid metabolism

“…Type 1 DM (T1DM), if well controlled with insulin, is associated with only a few if any aberrations of lipid metabolism [11]. Indicatively, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was found in 15.8% and high triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGLs) in 12.9% in a cohort of young T1DM subjects [11].…”

“…Type 1 DM (T1DM), if well controlled with insulin, is associated with only a few if any aberrations of lipid metabolism [11]. Indicatively, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was found in 15.8% and high triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGLs) in 12.9% in a cohort of young T1DM subjects [11]. Only in patients with poorly controlled T1DM and in those liable to develop obesity or metabolic syndrome (MetS) does DD manifest in a form similar to that linked to T2DM [11].…”

“…Indicatively, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was found in 15.8% and high triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGLs) in 12.9% in a cohort of young T1DM subjects [11]. Only in patients with poorly controlled T1DM and in those liable to develop obesity or metabolic syndrome (MetS) does DD manifest in a form similar to that linked to T2DM [11]. In T2DM patients, hyperinsulinemia, frequently insulin resistance, and β cell failure are related to DD; there are elevated plasma levels of fasting TRLs (the underlying disorders are hepatic overproduction and delayed clearance of TRLs), small-dense LDL-C particles, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol [1,[12][13][14].…”

Association between Dyslipidemia and Glycemic control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…In a study from Iran, the ratio of dyslipidemia among 274 T1DM patients was 74.8% and it was shown that the majority dyslipidemia developed was hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia was less frequently [13]. In a study from Turkey, the rate of dyslipidemia in patients with T1DM was found to be 26.2% with a high prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia [14]. A possible explanation of variation reports includes multiple genetic factors in different ethnic groups, the diet and physical activity of the general population, and different laboratory methods [15][16].…”

“…In recent years, diabetes rates are increasing epidemiologically by 2-5% per year in Europe, Middle East, and Australia whereas some central and eastern European countries demonstrate an even more rapid increase up to 9% [2]. In patients with T1DM, chronic complications including nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, peripheral vascular, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) directly affect the expectancy and long term quality of life [3]. The presence of dyslipidemia increases the frequency and severity of these complications [4].…”