The prevalence of denture stomatitis in cigarette and hookah smokers and opium addicts: findings from Rafsanjan Cohort Study

Abstract

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the association of denture stomatitis prevalence with cigarette, hookah and opium consumption and also dose–response relationship between the cigarette smoking duration and odds of denture stomatitis in population of Rafsanjan cohort center. Methods This cross-sectional study based on data of Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS) with 10,000 participants. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1619 participants were included in the analysis. Data were collected by oral examination and completion of pre-designed questionnaires to assess denture hygiene, smoking behavior, opium use and some other exposure variables. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to investigate possible association of cigarette, hookah and opium consumption and denture stomatitis. Results Prevalence of denture stomatitis among all 1619 denture wearers was 21.6%. Cigarette smoking was associated with a higher odds of denture stomatitis, with the adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of 2.29 (1.53–3.41). Also, dose–response increases were observed with the highest odds ratio in the 4th quartile for denture stomatitis (p-value < 0.001). Opium consumption was associated with a decreased odds of denture stomatitis (adjusted OR; 0.81, 95% CI 0.58–1.13) which was not statistically significant. Also interaction between opium consumption and cigarette smoking was not associated with higher odds of denture stomatitis (adjusted OR: 1.65, 95% CI 0.85–3.22). Conclusions Based on the findings of the present study, while cigarette smoking had a dose–response relationship with the increased odds of denture stomatitis; this association was not found with opium consumption.

Impact of waterpipe smoking on oral health of users: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…This parameter is essential due to the higher incidence of periodontitis in older individuals and limiting this age range could lead to a scientific error. The study assessing denture prosthesis in its participants 18 reported a mild prevalence of men who were older than participants in other studies.…”

“…Seven studies also compared WS and nonsmokers. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Three studies evaluated adult patients from 17-14 or 18- 15,19 to 60-yearsold, while six studies restricted the age range to reduce the risk of age interference on results. [16][17][18][20][21][22] Seven articles rated the Middle Eastern population [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and two articles North African participants.…”

“…[14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Three studies evaluated adult patients from 17-14 or 18- 15,19 to 60-yearsold, while six studies restricted the age range to reduce the risk of age interference on results. [16][17][18][20][21][22] Seven articles rated the Middle Eastern population [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and two articles North African participants. 21,22 The oldest study included in this systematic review 14 suggested that vertical periodontal bone loss is higher in tobacco smokers.…”

“…All the included studies have randomized samples (convenience sampling), collected through flyers distributed in city cafés, which waterpipe users usually attend, 15,21,22 ; they were randomly approached and invited to participate [16][17][18][19][20] , or invited through journals. 14 This kind of sample recruiting generates a low risk of selection bias.…”

Host’s Immunity and Candida Species Associated with Denture Stomatitis: A Narrative Review

“…Between 15% and 70% of denture wearers have Candida stomatitis related to their removable prosthesis [ 1 ]. The prevalence of this pathology is preponderant among hospitalized elderly people [ 2 ], smokers [ 3 ], and people with associated affections such as diabetes [ 4 ]. This disease also called “denture-related Candida stomatitis” (DRCS), and is considered an infectious inflammation, different from sterile inflammation, characterized by mechanical denture stress [ 5 ] and an imbalance of the oral microbial flora or dysbiosis [ 6 ].…”