The prevalence of and risk factors for healthcare-associated infections in Slovenia: results of the second national survey

Klavs, Irena; Kolman, Jana; Zupanc, Tatjana Lejko; Kevorkijan, Božena Kotnik; Korošec, Aleš; Serdt, Mojca

doi:10.1515/sjph-2016-0033

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The primary aim of our study was to obtain a deeper insight into the epidemiology of HAIs and guide the next steps in terms of surveillance and hospital policies. As one of the rare studies looking at incidence rates and profiles of HAIs in adult ICU patients in Serbia, the incidence rate of 32.7% is in accordance with isolated European studies from Slovenia (35.7%) [17], and Poland (27.6%) [18], but still much higher than the overall rates of 19.4% in Europe [19].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, and incremental medical costs of hospital-acquired infections in the Intensive Care Unit: 2-year experience from Serbia

Despotović

Milošević²,

Milošević³

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Hospital-acquired infections are a major complication of hospital treatment. The growing presence of multidrug-resistant pathogens contributes to increased mortality and costs, particularly in intensive care units where patients are predisposed to numerous risk factors. Comprehensive data about hospital-acquired infections from Serbian intensive care units is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of hospital-acquired infections among intensive care unit patients and look into the patterns of antimicrobial resistance, risk factors, and incremental costs of diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment. Methods: This retrospective study included 355 patients over a two-year period. Etiology, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and incremental costs of diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment were examined. Risk factors for infection acquisition, as well as length of stay, were statistically analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis. Results: At least one hospital-acquired infection was identified in 32.7% of patients. A total of 204 infection episodes were documented, the most common type being urinary tract infections (36.3%). Clostridium difficile , Klebsiella spp. , and Acinetobacter baumanii were the most common isolates. Antimicrobial resistance rates < 20% were observed for linezolid (0%), colistin (9%), and tigecycline (14%). Resistance rates > 50% were seen in all other tested antibiotic agents. Mortality rates were not higher in patients who acquired only one hospital-acquired infection (p=0.09), but were significantly higher for patients in whom more than one episode occurred (p=0.038). Length of stay > 20 days carried a 7.5-fold increase in odds of acquiring an infection (CI 4.4-12.7, p<0.001), whereas length of stay > 30 days carried a 10-fold increase (CI 5.5-16.1, p<0.001). During the study period, over 37,000 EUR was incrementally spent on diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment for hospital-acquired infections. Conclusion: Our results suggest a high prevalence of hospital-acquired infections and very high antimicrobial resistance rates compared to most European countries. Together with the first published results regarding incremental costs from Serbia, our observations require large-scale prospective follow-up studies in order to obtain a deeper insight into the actual burden of hospital-acquired infections.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, and incremental medical costs of hospital-acquired infections in the Intensive Care Unit: 2-year experience from Serbia

Despotović

Milošević²,

Milošević³

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…About 3.8 % of patients had at least one HAI and additional 2.6 % were still being treated for HAIs on the day of the survey; the prevalence of HAIs was 6.4 %. The prevalence of urinary tract infections was the highest (1.4 %), followed by pneumoniae (1.3 %), and surgical site infections (1.2 %) (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Surveillance of bacterial colonisation on contact surfaces in different medical wards

Torkar

Ivić

2017

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study was conducted to determine the bacterial colonization of some bacterial groups, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) producers and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), on surfaces of the equipment and instruments in patient rooms and other workspaces in three different medical wards. The number of microorganisms on swabs was determined with the colony count method on selective microbiological mediums. The aerobic mesophylic microorganisms were found in 73.5 % out of 102 samples, with the average and maximum values of 2.6 × 102 and 4.6 × 103 colony forming units (CFU) 100 cm-2, respectively. Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, coagulase positive staphylococci, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and enterococci were detected in 23.4, 31.4, 53.2, and 2.9 % of samples, respectively. The differences in bacterial counts on the surfaces of the psychiatric, oncology, and paediatric wards were statistically significant (P<0.001). About 40 % out of 19 isolates from the family Enterobacteriaceae showed multiple resistance to three or more different groups of tested antibiotics, while ESBL was confirmed for only one strain. Staphylococci isolates were mostly resistant to penicillin. MRSA was confirmed in 5.2 % of the tested S. aureus isolates. Greater attention should be paid to cleaning and the appropriate choice of disinfectants, especially in the psychiatric ward. Employees should be informed about the prevention of the spreading of nosocomial infections. Routine application of rapid methods for hygiene control of surfaces is highly recommended.

show abstract

“…The methods were described elsewhere ( 5 ). In brief, a one-day cross-sectional study was conducted in all Slovenian acute-care hospitals in 2011.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the limitations of the survey, the researchers noted no piloting or validation of the data collection methods and a possibility that the sensitivity and specificity of approaches to ascertain HAIs in some participating hospitals were less than optimal. Ten years later, in 2011, the second Slovenian national HAIs prevalence survey (SNHPS) was conducted ( 5 ). The agreed standard methodology for the European point prevalence survey of HAIs and antimicrobial use in European acute-care hospitals (EUPPS) coordinated by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) was used ( 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The agreed standard methodology for the European point prevalence survey of HAIs and antimicrobial use in European acute-care hospitals (EUPPS) coordinated by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) was used ( 6 ). The estimated proportion of patients with at least one HAI on the day of the survey or still treated for any HAI on the day of the survey was 6.4% ( 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sensitivity and specificity of the method used for ascertainment of healthcare-associated infections in the second Slovenian national prevalence survey

Serdt

Zupanc

Korošec

et al. 2016

Slovenian Journal of Public Health

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionThe second Slovenian national healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) prevalence survey (SNHPS) was conducted in acute-care hospitals in 2011. The objective was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the method used for the ascertainment of six types of HAIs (bloodstream infections, catheter-associated infections, lower respiratory tract infections, pneumoniae, surgical site infections, and urinary tract infections) in the University Medical Centre Ljubljana (UMCL).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in patients surveyed in the SNHPS in the UMCL using a retrospective medical chart review (RMCR) and European HAIs surveillance definitions. Sensitivity and specificity of the method used in the SNHPS using RMCR as a reference was computed for ascertainment of patients with any of the six selected types of HAIs and for individual types of HAIs. Agreement between the SNHPS and RMCR results was analyzed using Cohen’s kappa coefficient.Results1474 of 1742 (84.6%) patients surveyed in the SNHPS were included in RMCR. The sensitivity of the SNHPS method for detecting any of six HAIs was 90% (95% confidence interval (CI): 81%-95%) and specificity 99% (95% CI: 98%-99%). The sensitivity by type of HAI ranged from 63% (lower respiratory tract infections) to 92% (bloodstream infections). Specificity was at least 99% for all types of HAIs. Agreement between the two data collection approaches for HAIs overall was very good (κ=0.83).ConclusionsThe overall sensitivity of SNHPS collection method for ascertaining HAIs overall was high and the specificity was very high. This suggests that the estimated prevalence of HAIs in the SNHPS was credible.

show abstract

The prevalence of and risk factors for healthcare-associated infections in Slovenia: results of the second national survey

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, and incremental medical costs of hospital-acquired infections in the Intensive Care Unit: 2-year experience from Serbia

Epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, and incremental medical costs of hospital-acquired infections in the Intensive Care Unit: 2-year experience from Serbia

Surveillance of bacterial colonisation on contact surfaces in different medical wards

Sensitivity and specificity of the method used for ascertainment of healthcare-associated infections in the second Slovenian national prevalence survey

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About