The prevalence and risk factors for human Brucella species infection in a cross-sectional survey of a rural population in Punjab, India

Mangtani, Punam; Berry, Isha; Beauvais, Wendy; Holt, Hannah; Kulashri, Amit; Bharti, Satinder; Sagar, Vivek; Nguipdop-Djomo, Patrick; Bedi, Jasbir Singh; Kaur, Manmeet; Guitian, Javier; McGiven, John; Kaur, Parvinder; Gill, James S.; Grover, Gagandeep Singh; Kumar, Rajesh

doi:10.1093/trstmh/trz133

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In order to meet the required sample size, eight dairy farms per village were selected using simple random sampling. In an average village, eight farms were estimated to comprise around 10% of the total dairy farms [21,22]. Lists obtained from the designated veterinary officer or pharmacist of each village were used as a sampling frame.…”

Section: Study Population and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of brucellosis in cattle and dairy farmers of rural Ludhiana, Punjab

et al. 2021

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Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease imposing significant impacts on livestock production and public health worldwide. India is the world’s leading milk producer and Punjab is the state which produces the most cattle and buffalo milk per capita. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of bovine brucellosis to provide evidence for control of the disease in Punjab State, India. A cross-sectional study of dairy farms was conducted in humans and livestock in rural Ludhiana district using a multi-stage sampling strategy. The study suggests that brucellosis is endemic at high levels in cattle and buffalo in the study area with 15.1% of large ruminants testing seropositive and approximately a third of dairy farms having at least one animal test seropositive. In total, 9.7% of those in direct contact with livestock tested seropositive for Brucella spp. Persons that assisted with calving and/or abortion within the last year on a farm with seronegative livestock and people which did not assist with calving/abortion had 0.35 (95% CI: 0.17 to 7.1) and 0.21 (0.09 to 0.46) times the odds of testing seropositive compared to persons assisting with calving/abortion in a seropositive farm, respectively. The study demonstrated that persons in direct contact with cattle and buffalo in the study area have high risk of exposure to Brucella spp. Control of the disease in livestock is likely to result in benefits to both animal and public health sectors.

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Section: Study Population and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of brucellosis in cattle and dairy farmers of rural Ludhiana, Punjab

et al. 2021

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“…Persons from rural areas are often involved in birthing and herding of livestock and they are more dependent on livestock production putting them at the risk of infection [39]. A cross sectional study was conducted on rural population of the Punjab in India and seropositivity was also linked to a history assisting with abortions and calving [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Molecular Diagnosis of Brucellosis Among Patients at Selected Hospitals of Abbottabad, Pakistan

Hassan¹,

Ali²,

Syed³

et al. 2020

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Background: Brucellosis is a neglected disease of ruminants with zoonotic potential. It causes severe health problems in humans and economic loss. Only a limited number of studies have been conducted in Pakistan to determine the prevalence of human brucellosis and related risk factors. The objectives of the current cross-sectional study were to determine prevalence of Brucella infection in sera collected from patients at three hospitals of Abbottabad. Risk factors were investigated. Methods: A total of 500 blood samples were collected. A questionnaire was filled in for each patient to obtain information on age, gender, living area, brucellosis associated symptoms, associated risk factors, pregnancy and abortion history. Serum agglutination test (SAT) was performed to detect antibodies against brucellae. A genus specific BCSP-31 gene RT-PCR was used to detect Brucella DNA in the sample. Statistical analysis was done to determine odd ratios, risk ratios, 95% confidence intervals and p values. Results: A total of 13.6% (n=68) patients were found to be SAT positive. DNA was found in 11.4% (n=57) samples. The prevalence of brucellosis was reported to be higher in women (14.6%, n=44) than in man (12.1%, n=24). The age group of 25-50 years was found to be at higher risk for brucellosis (14.5%, n=50). “Animal contact” was reported as the main risk factor followed by “consumption of raw animal products”. About 9.9% pregnant women (n=13) were found brucellosis positive. Of these 23.8% (n=5) had an abortion history. Conclusions: The present study reports a striking prevalence of brucellosis among patients including pregnant women at three hospitals of Abbottabad. These findings must foster strategies for controlling human brucellosis at household level, raising of awareness about brucellosis in hospital and family doctors and finally in setting up an eradication program in the dairy industry.

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“…One interesting finding is the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was also associated with occurrence of brucellosis, which may be due to use of PPE after infection or improper use of PPE (Proch et al 2018 ). Very recent report shows that incidence of brucellosis was higher in man who consumed relatively more of goat milk (Mangtani et al 2020 ). Brucellosis was reported in human patients with acute febrile illness in Pakistan.…”

Section: Public Health and Economic Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine brucellosis – a comprehensive review

Khurana

Sehrawat

Tiwari

et al. 2021

Veterinary Quarterly

138

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Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of great animal welfare and economic implications worldwide known since ancient times. The emergence of brucellosis in new areas as well as transmission of brucellosis from wild and domestic animals is of great significance in terms of new epidemiological dimensions. Brucellosis poses a major public health threat by the consumption of non-pasteurized milk and milk products produced by unhygienic dairy farms in endemic areas. Regular and meticulous surveillance is essentially required to determine the true picture of brucellosis especially in areas with continuous high prevalence. Additionally, international migration of humans, animals and trade of animal products has created a challenge for disease spread and diagnosis in non-endemic areas. Isolation and identification remain the gold standard test, which requires expertise. The advancement in diagnostic strategies coupled with screening of newly introduced animals is warranted to control the disease. Of note, the diagnostic value of miRNAs for appropriate detection of B. abortus infection has been shown. The most widely used vaccine strains to protect against Brucella infection and related abortions in cattle are strain 19 and RB51. Moreover, it is very important to note that no vaccine, which is highly protective, safe and effective is available either for bovines or human beings. Research results encourage the use of bacteriophage lysates in treatment of bovine brucellosis. One Health approach can aid in control of this disease, both in animals and man.

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The prevalence and risk factors for human Brucella species infection in a cross-sectional survey of a rural population in Punjab, India

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Epidemiology of brucellosis in cattle and dairy farmers of rural Ludhiana, Punjab

Epidemiology of brucellosis in cattle and dairy farmers of rural Ludhiana, Punjab

Seroprevalence and Molecular Diagnosis of Brucellosis Among Patients at Selected Hospitals of Abbottabad, Pakistan

Bovine brucellosis – a comprehensive review

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