Bovine brucellosis – a comprehensive review

Abstract

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of great animal welfare and economic implications worldwide known since ancient times. The emergence of brucellosis in new areas as well as transmission of brucellosis from wild and domestic animals is of great significance in terms of new epidemiological dimensions. Brucellosis poses a major public health threat by the consumption of non-pasteurized milk and milk products produced by unhygienic dairy farms in endemic areas. Regular and meticulous surveillance is essentially required to determine the true picture of brucellosis especially in areas with continuous high prevalence. Additionally, international migration of humans, animals and trade of animal products has created a challenge for disease spread and diagnosis in non-endemic areas. Isolation and identification remain the gold standard test, which requires expertise. The advancement in diagnostic strategies coupled with screening of newly introduced animals is warranted to control the disease. Of note, the diagnostic value of miRNAs for appropriate detection of B. abortus infection has been shown. The most widely used vaccine strains to protect against Brucella infection and related abortions in cattle are strain 19 and RB51. Moreover, it is very important to note that no vaccine, which is highly protective, safe and effective is available either for bovines or human beings. Research results encourage the use of bacteriophage lysates in treatment of bovine brucellosis. One Health approach can aid in control of this disease, both in animals and man.

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Brucellosis in District Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan

“…I-ELISA can be used as a single screening test but would require standardization and validation. RBPT and I-ELISA detect common anti-smooth-lipopolysaccharide antibodies against B. abortus and B. melitensis and are often not able to differentiate between vaccinated and diseased animals [34,35]. However, species-specific detection and vaccinal/field strain differentiation can be achieved by PCR or culture.…”

Biosensors for European Zoonotic Agents: A Current Portuguese Perspective

“…It can be considered an ancient zoonosis and is still one of the most common bacterial zoonoses worldwide. Seven species of these Gram-negative, aerobic, facultative intracellular rods or coccobacilli infect terrestrial animals: B. abortus , B. melitensis , B. suis , B. ovis , B. canis , B. neotomae , and B. microti [ 84 ]. Brucella melietensis mainly cause human infection via infected tissues or secretions from infected animals, raw, improperly pasteurised, or unpasteurised dairy products.…”

Survey to identify and confirm the brucellosis status in dairy farms and households near the Ulaanbaatar city

“…Уг өвчнөөр Европ, Номхон далайн арлын орнууд тайван статустай байдаг бол Төв ба Өмнөд Америк, Африк болон Азийн зарим орон тархалт өндөртэй байна [7]. Бруцеллёз өвчинтэй үр дүнтэй тэмцэх стратегид тандалт судалгаа, халдвар дамжих эрсдэлийг бууруулах (вакцинжуулалт), шилжилт хөдөлгөөнийг хянах, шинжлээд нядлах аргууд ордог [9]. Иймд уг өвчнөөр эрүүл статусыг олж авахын тулд ихээхэн хүчин чармайлт, цаг хугацаа зарцуулдаг болох нь манай орны хувьд ч мөн адил олон жилийн турш уг өвчний эсрэг хэрэгжүүлж буй арга хэмжээнээс харагдаж байна [9], [13].…”

“…Бруцеллёз өвчинтэй үр дүнтэй тэмцэх стратегид тандалт судалгаа, халдвар дамжих эрсдэлийг бууруулах (вакцинжуулалт), шилжилт хөдөлгөөнийг хянах, шинжлээд нядлах аргууд ордог [9]. Иймд уг өвчнөөр эрүүл статусыг олж авахын тулд ихээхэн хүчин чармайлт, цаг хугацаа зарцуулдаг болох нь манай орны хувьд ч мөн адил олон жилийн турш уг өвчний эсрэг хэрэгжүүлж буй арга хэмжээнээс харагдаж байна [9], [13]. Улаанбаатар хотын хэмжээнд 2012 оноос жил бүр масс вакцинжуулалтын арга хэмжээг хэрэгжүүлсний үр дүнд бруцеллёзын халдварын хувь буурсан хэдий ч мэдээлэгдсээр байна [17].…”

“…Харин аж ахуй нэгж, өрхийн төвшинд 9.5%-тай байлаа. Дэлхий нийтэд уг өвчний мониторинг, тандалт, тэмцэх, устгах арга хэмжээний аль ч хөтөлбөрүүдэд ийлдэс судлалын шинжилгээний аргууд чухал үүрэг гүйцэтгэдэг [7], [9]…”