The prevalence and risk factors of GERD in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the impact of Covid-19 pandemic

Alhuzaim, Waleed M.; Alotaibi, Atheer Tariq; Alruwaybiah, Hanan A.; Alharthi, Nada; Alzahrani, Sattam A.; AlDera, Nora M.; AlKhudhair, Mohammed R.; Alassaf, Mai F.

doi:10.15739/irjpeh.21.030

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…We found an increasing number of sleep disturbances due to GERD during the pandemic, similar to several studies demonstrating the increasing sleep disorders observed during the pandemic 19,20 . In addition, the consumption of over-the-counter drugs such as painkillers and antireflux was also observed 3 . Several reasons for this increasing phenomenon are increased duration and frequency of heartburn, regurgitation, and increased consumption of over-the-counter drugs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…19,20 In addition, the consumption of over-the-counter drugs such as painkillers and antireflux was also observed. 3 Several reasons for this increasing phenomenon are increased duration and frequency of heartburn, regurgitation, and increased consumption of drugs. More severe GERD could translate to decreased GERD-related QoL during the pandemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main reason for this increase was hypothesized to be the increase in smokers and obesity during the pandemic. 3 However, the study has some methodological flaws, such as an unclear data collection process to capture prevalence before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and the low number of participants, which would unlikely capture the actual prevalence level. Therefore, there is a lack of real-world evidence regarding the changes in the prevalence of GERD caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study performed in Saudi Arabia has shown an increased prevalence of GERD during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic (34.2% vs. 24.8%). The main reason for this increase was hypothesized to be the increase in smokers and obesity during the pandemic 3 . However, the study has some methodological flaws, such as an unclear data collection process to capture prevalence before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and the low number of participants, which would unlikely capture the actual prevalence level.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 Pandemic is Associated With Increased Prevalence of GERD and Decreased GERD-related Quality of Life

Fauzi,

Simadibrata,

Friska

et al. 2023

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology

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Introduction: The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is expected to increase during the pandemic due to unexpected, sudden lifestyle changes such as decreased physical activity and worsening mental conditions. Here, we aim to explore the difference in the prevalence of GERD and GERD-related quality of life (QoL) in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the Indonesian GERD Questionnaire study, a cross-sectional study utilizing an online form of the GERD Questionnaire, was done to compare the prevalence of GERD between March 2, 2018 to March 1, 2020 (prepandemic group) and March 2, 2020 to March 1, 2022 (pandemic group). The prevalence odds ratios between the 2 groups were calculated using χ2. Results: A total of 9800 participants were included in the analysis; 1807 and 7993 were allocated to the pandemic and prepandemic groups, respectively. The prevalence of GERD in the pandemic and prepandemic groups were 67.9% and 61.8%, respectively (prevalence odds ratio: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.17-1.46). Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of GERD, heartburn, and those who reported impaired GERD-related quality of life increased. Regurgitation was the most common symptom reported by participants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 Pandemic is Associated With Increased Prevalence of GERD and Decreased GERD-related Quality of Life

Fauzi,

Simadibrata,

Friska

et al. 2023

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology

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“…A genetic correlation has also been found between patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and their susceptibility to GERD, as shown by Mendelian randomization findings that have suggested a causal link between the two diseases [ 26 ]. The prevalence of GERD increased from 24.8% before the pandemic to 34.2% during the pandemic, according to research conducted in Saudi Arabia [ 27 ]. There was an increase in the severity of GERD symptoms during the epidemic as well as increase the frequency of administration of GORD medications [ 27 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastroesophageal Reflux in Lockdown

Al-Momani,

Balawi,

Almasri

et al. 2023

Future Sci. OA

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Aim: This study examines the changes in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptom frequency among patients with GERD throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A structured questionnaire was distributed among 198 GERD patients. The questionnaire consisted of a demographic characteristic assessment, the GerdQ questionnaire, and a reflux symptom index (RSI) questionnaire. Result & conclusion: A statistically significant increase in GerdQ score was identified among participants during the COVID-19 pandemic (t = 7.055, df = 209, p < 0.001), who had experienced an increase in the frequency of positive predictors of GERD and a decrease in the frequency of negative predictors of GERD. The COVID-19 pandemic and its related lockdown countermeasures may have led to exacerbating and worsening GERD symptoms.

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The impact of COVID-19 on resident doctors as the frontline in health services

Maghfirah,

Yusuf,

Pamungkas

et al. 2024

IJPHS

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As the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 increases, the workload due to the pandemic can affect health workers and increase the risk of psychological stress. Psychological factors such as anxiety can cause various physiological responses, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms. The persistent symptoms of GERD can reduce the patient's quality of life. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in October 2021 at the Dr. Zainoel Abidin Regional General Hospital, Banda Aceh. A total of 91 Specialist Medical Education Program responded to the study. Data from respondents were collected through the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7), GERD-Q, and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires. The statistical analysis used was the contingency coefficient test. The results showed that 9.9% of respondents experienced suggestive GERD, minimal anxiety (92%), and good quality of life (51.6%). There was a significant relationship between anxiety levels and quality of life and the GERD prevalence of Specialist Doctor Education Program Participants during the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.05). Most Specialist Medical Education Program participants did not suffer from GERD with minimal anxiety, followed by mild and moderate anxiety. The majority had a good and moderate quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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The prevalence and risk factors of GERD in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the impact of Covid-19 pandemic

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

COVID-19 Pandemic is Associated With Increased Prevalence of GERD and Decreased GERD-related Quality of Life

COVID-19 Pandemic is Associated With Increased Prevalence of GERD and Decreased GERD-related Quality of Life

Gastroesophageal Reflux in Lockdown

The impact of COVID-19 on resident doctors as the frontline in health services

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