The Prevalence and Risk Factor of Congenital Heart Defects in Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: Congenital heart disease is defined as a gross structural abnormalities of the heart or intra-thoracic great vessels that is either functionally significant or has the potential to be so. Objective: In this study main goal is to evaluate the prevalence and risk factor of congenital heart defects in Bangladesh. Method: This cross sectional study was carried out tertiary medical hospital from January 2021 to January 2022. A total of 100 children up to 12 years of age admitted in three pediatric units of this hospital during the study period. All normal patients were discharged and congenital heart disease cases had given follow up at 01months to 06 months interval. Results: During the study, majority were belong to 7-12 years age group, 54% and 60% were female. 20% had prematurity, followed by 10% had genetic syndrome, 3% had congenital neurological anomaly, 2% had congenital gastrointestinal anomaly. Majority had low birth weight, 40%. Followed by 35% cases mother had <37 week of gestational age, 62% cases had prenatal infection, 45% cases were Prenatal contact with toxic substances, 55% cases had gestational hypertension and diabetes, 40% cases prenatal anemia. In addition, 25% had Atrial septal defect, 22% had Ventricular septal defect, 20% had Patent foramen ovale, 11% had Patent ductus arteriosus, 10% had Pulmonary stenosis, 4% had Tetralogy of Fallot. Conclusion: In conclusion we can say prevalence of CHD is increasing where both a trial septal defect and Ventricular septal defect are quite common. In addition, lower birth weight, gestational hypertension and diabetes are reported as risk factor developing CHD in neonates.