The prevalence and mechanisms of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia: a review

Papanastasiou, Evangelos

doi:10.1177/2045125312464385

Cited by 99 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(246 reference statements)

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“…Further, younger age groups also show a growing rate of MetS incidence 7 . A number of reports confirm the psychiatric populations have a substantially higher incidence of MetS than the general population, especially in the case of schizophrenia 8 and depression 9 . Obesity and MetS development are also known to differ according to gender as a result of differences in the amount and distribution of body fat and differences in adipose tissue metabolism and function between the sexes 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Therefore, vulnerability factors for development of schizophrenia, diabetes, and MetS seem to be shared and interconnected. In patients with schizophrenia the risk is further greatly increased by the use of antipsychotic medication as reviewed repeatedly elsewhere 8,[51][52][53][54][55] . More specifically, elevated blood levels of adiponectin have been reported in schizophrenia 56 and there is a correlation between serum leptin levels and body weight 51 .…”

Section: Psychiatric Disorders and Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gender differences in MetS comorbidity with schizophrenia were found repeatedly before and after the initiation of the antipsychotic treatment with women being approximately 3-times more prone to develop MetS (ref. 8 ). Furthermore, preclinical studies have recorded gender differences suggesting a greater vulnerability (increase in body weight and metabolic changes) in female rats, specifically, the most suitable model for antipsychoticinduced weight gain appears to be the female SpragueDawley rat 84 .…”

Section: Schizophrenia and Mets: Implications Of Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MetS has an incidence of 3-4% in the general population, but up to 10% in schizophrenic patients even before initiation of the treatment with antipsychotics 8 which often results in typical changes in lipid metabolism 50 . It appears that not only antipsychotic treatment but the pathophysiology of schizophrenia itself is linked to MetS development suggesting a common underlying pathway-chronic inflammatory abnormality of cytokines 43 .…”

Section: Psychiatric Disorders and Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

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The common pathophysiology underlying the metabolic syndrome, schizophrenia and depression. A review

Kučerová

Babinská

Horská

et al. 2015

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

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Background. There is a growing interest in metabolic alterations in patients with psychiatric disorders due to their increased risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) development. Inflammation is known to underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and depression as well as MetS. Vulnerability factors for schizophrenia/depression and MetS hence appear to be shared. Methods and Results. Based on a Web of Science search, this review examines current evidence for MetS pathophysiology involving dysregulation of adipose tissue signaling -adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokine, both also known to be aberrant in schizophrenia/depression. Further, gender differences in the incidence and course of schizophrenia/ depression were reported. The disturbances linked to the MetS are also described. Therefore, this review further maps the gender differences in the psychiatric-metabolic comorbidities. Conclusion. There is evidence supporting a pathological predisposition to MetS in both schizophrenia and depression in both humans and animal models. This predisposition is dramatically enhanced by antipsychotic medication. Further, there are gender differences from clinical findings suggesting women with schizophrenia/depression are more vulnerable to MetS development. This has not yet been assessed in animal studies. We suggest further validation of existing schizophrenia and depression animal models for the assessment of metabolic disturbances to provide tools for developing new antipsychotics and antidepressants with "metabolically inert" profile or improving the metabolic status in schizophrenic/depressed patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Psychiatric Disorders and Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Schizophrenia and Mets: Implications Of Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Psychiatric Disorders and Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The common pathophysiology underlying the metabolic syndrome, schizophrenia and depression. A review

Kučerová

Babinská

Horská

et al. 2015

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

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“…The issue that surrounds this condition in the patient who has schizophrenia, especially in refractory form, is considered worrisome, as these changes can dramatically increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type II. (26) A longitudinal study pointed to a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in people who use clozapine. (6) Important and recent studies that assessed the relationship between this syndrome and the quality of life also did not show significant association, despite the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and low quality of life of patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esquizofrenia refratária: qualidade de vida e fatores associados

et al. 2016

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Objective: To analyze the quality of life of people with refractory schizophrenia using clozapine, and its associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study, conducted in the extended western region of Minas Gerais, which included patients with refractory schizophrenia using the antipsychotic, clozapine. For the measurement of quality of life, the Quality of Life Scale was used, specific for patients with schizophrenia. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: A total of 72 patients with a mean age of 42.9 years was part of the study. The overall score of the Quality of Life Scale indicated compromised quality of life, with a greater impairment in the social network domain (median = 2.36). The logistic regression analysis showed factors associated with a better quality of life. Conclusion: Low quality of life in patients with refractory schizophrenia was found. Physical activity, family income over three times the minimum wage, and having children were associated with a better quality of life. ResumoObjetivo: Analisar a qualidade de vida de pessoas com esquizofrenia refratária em uso de clozapina e seus fatores associados. Métodos: Estudo de delineamento transversal, realizado na Região Ampliada Oeste de Minas Gerais, que incluiu pacientes com esquizofrenia refratária em uso do antipsicótico clozapina. Para a mensuração da qualidade de vida, foi utilizada a escala Quality of Life Scale, específica para pacientes com esquizofrenia. Foram realizadas análise univariada e multivariada. Resultados: Participaram 72 pacientes, com média de idade de 42,9 anos. O escore global da Quality of Life Scale indicou qualidade de vida comprometida, com maior prejuízo no domínio rede social (mediana = 2,36). A análise de regressão logística apontou fatores associados a uma melhor qualidade de vida. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se uma baixa qualidade de vida dos pacientes com esquizofrenia refratária. Praticar atividade física, renda familiar acima de três salários mínimos e possuir filhos foram associados à melhor qualidade de vida.

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Effect of 5‐HT2C receptor gene polymorphism (HTR2C−759C/T) on metabolic adverse effects in Thai psychiatric patients treated with risperidone

Vanwong

Puangpetch

Unaharassamee

et al. 2021

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug

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Background: The use of Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) is related to metabolic disturbances, which put psychiatric patients at risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Evidence is emerging of genetic risk factors. The HTR2C gene is an essential candidate in pharmacogenetic studies of antipsychotic-induced metabolic effects.Nevertheless, there were inconsistent results among studies. Objective: To investigate the relationship between -759C/T, functional polymorphism of the HTR2C gene and metabolic adverse effects in Thai psychiatric patients treated with risperidone monotherapy. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 108 psychiatric patients treated with risperidone monotherapy for ≥3 months were recruited. Anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests were obtained upon enrollment and history of treatment was reviewed from medical records. Weight gain was defined as an increase ≥7% of baseline weight. Metabolic syndrome was evaluated according to the 2005 International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Asia criteria. The -759C/T, polymorphism was genotyped. The associations between -759C/T polymorphism and metabolic side effects were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression was used for determining potential confounders.Results: Neither weight gain nor metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with −759C/T allelic and genotype variants of HTR2C. However, T allele of -759C/T polymorphism significantly associated with the hypertension. This association was not affected by possible confounding factors such as gender, risperidone dose, duration of treatment and family history of hypertension. Conclusion:Our findings suggest that psychiatric patients with T allele of -759C/T polymorphism may be at higher risk for hypertension. Further study with prospective design with larger patient groups are needed.

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The prevalence and mechanisms of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia: a review

Cited by 99 publications

References 106 publications

The common pathophysiology underlying the metabolic syndrome, schizophrenia and depression. A review

The common pathophysiology underlying the metabolic syndrome, schizophrenia and depression. A review

Esquizofrenia refratária: qualidade de vida e fatores associados

Effect of 5‐HT2C receptor gene polymorphism (HTR2C−759C/T) on metabolic adverse effects in Thai psychiatric patients treated with risperidone

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