The Prevalence and Incidence of Glaucoma in Denmark in a Fifteen Year Period: A Nationwide Study

Kolko, Miriam; Horwitz, Anna; Thygesen, John; Jeppesen, Jørgen; Torp‐Pedersen, Christian

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132048

Cited by 58 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The positive correlation of male gender with glaucoma/OHT prescription rates is consistent with a previous extensive study on glaucoma prescribing in England 20 but is contrary to the findings in a recent nationwide study of glaucoma prevalence and treatment in Denmark. 6 The discrepancy in the association of gender in this instance is likely to be due to differences in the underlying population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“… 5 Denmark, a similarly developed country with an ageing population profile, was indeed found to have a rising prevalence of glaucoma in a recent study. 6 Second, the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published a set of clinical guidelines in April 2009 concerning the diagnosis and management of POAG and ocular hypertension (OHT) to address uncertainty and variation in clinical practice. 4 ‘OHT’ is a term commonly used to describe a condition in which the intraocular pressure (IOP) is elevated above 21 mm Hg without clinical evidence of glaucomatous optic nerve damage or visual field deficits, 4 although a significant proportion of patients with OHT progress to develop POAG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geographical variation in glaucoma prescribing trends in England 2008–2012: an observational ecological study

2016

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ObjectivesTo explore (1) the national trend in population-adjusted prescription rates for glaucoma and ocular hypertension (OHT) in England and (2) any geographical variation in glaucoma/OHT prescribing trends and its association with established risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) at the population level.DesignObservational ecological study.SettingPrimary care in England 2008–2012.ParticipantsAll patients who received 1 or more of the 37 778 660 glaucoma/OHT prescription items between 2008 and 2012.Primary and secondary outcome measure methodsGlaucoma/OHT prescription statistics for England and its constituent primary care trusts (PCTs) between 2008 and 2012 were divided by annual population estimates to give prescription rates per 100 000 population aged ≥40 years. To examine regional differences, prescription rates and the change in prescription rates between 2008 and 2012 for PCTs were separately entered into multivariable linear regression models with the population proportion aged ≥60 years; the proportion of males; the proportion of West African Diaspora (WAD) ethnicity; PCT funding per capita; Index of Multiple Deprivation 2010 score and its domains.ResultsBetween 2008 and 2012, glaucoma/OHT prescriptions increased from 28 029 to 31 309 items per 100 000 population aged ≥40 years. Between PCTs, nearly a quarter of the variation in prescription rates in 2008 and 2012 could be attributed to age, WAD ethnicity and male gender. The change in prescription rates between 2008 and 2012 was only modestly correlated with age (p=0.003, β=0.234), and income deprivation (p=0.035, β=−0.168).ConclusionsIncreased population-adjusted glaucoma/OHT prescription rates in the study period were likely due to increased detection of POAG and OHT cases at risk of POAG. Between PCTs, regional variation in overall prescription rates was partly attributable to demographic risk factors for POAG, although the change in prescription rates was only modestly correlated with the same risk factors, suggesting potential variation in practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical variation in glaucoma prescribing trends in England 2008–2012: an observational ecological study

2016

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“…common in glaucoma and has been linked to poor outcomes and increased healthcare costs. [1][2][3][4] Considering that glaucoma can lead to irreversible visual impairment and impact quality of life if not properly treated, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and that the disease incidence rises as the world population ages, [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] efforts are being deployed to develop longer-term treatments that can alleviate nonadherence. Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) devices, for example, are being investigated because they can potentially lower intraocular pressure (IOP) over several years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Safety of a New Ab Interno Gelatin Stent in Refractory Glaucoma at 12 Months

Grover

Flynn²,

Bashford³

et al. 2017

American Journal of Ophthalmology

245

236

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“…1 It is becoming increasingly important in the context of an aging world population. 1,2 It possesses a considerable challenge to public health because blindness and visual impairment is costly and have a huge impact on life quality. 3 Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) remains the only successful treatable factor to reduce the progression of glaucoma.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antihypertensive Medication Postpones the Onset of Glaucoma

et al. 2017

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G laucoma is the second most common irreversible cause of blindness worldwide.1 It is becoming increasingly important in the context of an aging world population.1,2 It possesses a considerable challenge to public health because blindness and visual impairment is costly and have a huge impact on life quality. 3 Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) remains the only successful treatable factor to reduce the progression of glaucoma. Yet, glaucoma is multifactorial, and the understanding of the pathology is incomplete. More than 2 decades ago, the first study to suggest that blood pressure (BP) should be considered in glaucoma treatment was published. 4 Since then, the impact of BP on glaucoma has received greater attention as more evidence has mounted. [5][6][7] Despite the increasing evidence of an association between BP and glaucoma, the exact relationship is complex. In this matter, epidemiological and case-control studies have shown diverse results, and some studies have presented evidence of a correlation between high BP and glaucoma, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] whereas other studies have linked glaucoma and low-tension glaucoma with low BP.12-17 The controversies have been discussed and related to the complexity of BP not only influencing IOP and ocular perfusion pressure, but also increasing the risk of compromised peripheral vascular capacity and a dysfunctional autoregulation. 5,[17][18][19] Recognized high BP is treated with many different antihypertensive medications, and growing evidence acknowledges that such treatment is associated with glaucoma. [20][21][22] In this matter, antihypertensive medication may conflict with ocular perfusion and autoregulation. 20,23 Although studies have shown a correlation between antihypertensive treatment and glaucoma, these studies have mostly been trials in small numbers of patients with minimal follow-up periods. 1,14,24 Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, no previous study has benefited from a complete data sample from an entire population norimportantly-estimated the causal effect of antihypertensive treatment on the risk of developing glaucoma.The main outcome in our study is the treatment for glaucoma. We hypothesized, before embarking on the empirical analysis, that treatment with antihypertensive medication could have an ambiguous effect on the development Abstract-The aim was to investigate the impact of antihypertensive medication on the onset of glaucoma. Data from the complete Danish population between 40 and 95 years of age were used in the period from 1996 to 2012, covering >2.6 million individuals. The National Danish Registry of Medicinal Products Statistics was used to identify all claimed prescriptions for glaucoma medication and antihypertensive drugs. We first investigated basic correlations in the data and found that patients treated with antihypertensive medication, at any time during the study period, had a significantly higher overall relative risk (RR) of glaucoma, even when controlling for age and sex (with a RR of 1.31 and P<0.0001). Furthermor...

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The Prevalence and Incidence of Glaucoma in Denmark in a Fifteen Year Period: A Nationwide Study

Cited by 58 publications

References 19 publications

Geographical variation in glaucoma prescribing trends in England 2008–2012: an observational ecological study

Geographical variation in glaucoma prescribing trends in England 2008–2012: an observational ecological study

Performance and Safety of a New Ab Interno Gelatin Stent in Refractory Glaucoma at 12 Months

Antihypertensive Medication Postpones the Onset of Glaucoma

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