The Prevalence and Epidemiology of Salmonella in Retail Raw Poultry Meat in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Foodborne disease caused by Salmonella is an important public health concern worldwide. Animal-based food, especially poultry meat, is the main source of human salmonellosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and epidemiology of Salmonella contamination in raw poultry meat commercialized in China. Following the principle of systematic review, 98 sets of prevalence data were extracted from 74 publications conducted in 21 Chinese provincial regions. The random-effect model was constructed for subgrouping analysis by meat category, preservation type, and geographical location. The prevalence levels differed from high to low among raw poultry meat, including chicken, 26.4% (95% CI: 22.4–30.8%); pigeon, 22.6% (95% CI: 18.2–27.8%); duck, 10.1% (95% CI: 5.3–18.2%); and other poultry meat, 15.4% (95% CI: 12.0–19.5%). Prevalence data on the preservation type revealed that chilled poultry meat might be more likely to experience cross-contamination than non-chilled poultry meat in China. The distribution map of Salmonella for raw poultry meat showed that a higher prevalence level was found in the Shaanxi, Henan, Sichuan, and Beijing regions. All subgroups possessed high amounts of heterogeneity (I2 > 75%). The scientific data regarding the differences in prevalence levels between meat category, preservation method, and geographical region sources might be useful to improve specific interventions to effectively control the incidence of Salmonella in poultry meat.

Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Serotypes Concurrently Isolated from the Environment, Animals, and Humans in South Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…The PPE of AR for streptomycin by Salmonella isolates was 37.7%. Our results are lower than the observations from other studies for resistance against streptomycin in Saudi Arabia, Italy, and Egypt with prevalence of 80%, 95%, 65.5%, and 20.1% [ 12 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Among the different varieties of aminoglycoside adenylyltransferase coding genes, aadA provides resistance to streptomycin in Salmonella [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Comparison of EO4Agri Recommendations With In-Depth Literature Review

“…Data on the weather forecast 1 890 [18], [19], [20], [21] Data for agricultural yields forecasting 670 [22], [23], [24], [25] Data for soil water index 2640 [24], [26] Data for providing a drought early warning system. 216 [27], [28], [29], [30] Data for producing maps of basic fertilizers 1600 [31] Data for production maps of fertilizer in the phenophase 30-34 3 -Data for determining heights of crops 846 [32], [33], [34], [35] Data for estimating the extent of diseases or damages (losses) 2 850 [36], [37] Data for monitoring hydrological stresses 426 [38], [39], [40] Data for producing exact information about climatic changes 2650 [18], [41], [42], [43], [44] Data for identification parcels for potential land for biomass production 146 -Data for creating flood maps (for Q5,25,50,100years) 1230 [45], [46], [47] Data for annual soil erosion risk maps 250 if special search "soil erosion" [48], [49] Data to produce maps of the occurrence of diseases 1750 special search [50], [51] Data for the production of actual calamities map (droughts, flood, fires, earthquakes, ...) 37 [45], [52], [53] Data for production maps of relevant information for biofuel production 248…”

Genome-Wide Searching Single Nucleotide-Polymorphisms (SNPs) and SNPs-Targeting a Multiplex Primer for Identification of Common Salmonella Serotypes

“…The prevalent Salmonella is widely found in diverse sources, including environment, animal-originated foods, water, and animals, specifically wild animals, including wild birds [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], wild pigs [ 14 ], poultry and their eggs [ 15 ], and cattle [ 16 ]. It can be disseminated to humans via ingestion of contaminated food of animal origins, including pork, chicken, eggs, beef, and milk [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”