Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Serotypes Concurrently Isolated from the Environment, Animals, and Humans in South Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ramatla, Tsepo; Tawana, Mpho; Onyiche, ThankGod E.; Lekota, Kgaugelo Edward; Thekisoe, Oriel

doi:10.3390/antibiotics10121435

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…AMR continues to increase internationally as a result of the widespread and unchecked use of antibiotics in veterinary and medical procedures [44] . Bacterial antibiotic resistance can spread to unaffected bacteria via DNA or other genetic components like integrons, bacteriophages and transposons [45] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacteria expressing ARGs are on the rise as a result of widespread agricultural practices, and the excessive and uncontrolled use of antibiotics to treat human illnesses [45] . Humans, animals, and the environmental components interact, and either directly or indirectly contribute to the spread of antimicrobial resistance [46] , [44] . In this study, a high prevalence of ARGs in E. coli was found in both human and animal samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial resistance genes of Escherichia coli, a bacterium of “One Health” importance in South Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Ramatla¹,

Tawana²,

Lekota³

et al. 2023

AIMSMICRO

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<abstract> This is a systematic review and meta-analysis that evaluated the prevalence of <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in animals, humans, and the environment in South Africa. This study followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to search and use literature published between 1 January 2000 to 12 December 2021, on the prevalence of South African <italic>E. coli</italic> isolates' ARGs. Articles were downloaded from African Journals Online, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engines. A random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the antibiotic-resistant genes of <italic>E. coli</italic> in animals, humans, and the environment. Out of 10764 published articles, only 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. The obtained results indicated that the pooled prevalence estimates (PPE) of <italic>E</italic>. <italic>coli</italic> ARGs was 36.3%, 34.4%, 32.9%, and 28.8% for <italic>blaTEM-M-1</italic>, <italic>amp</italic>C, <italic>tet</italic>A, and <italic>bla</italic>TEM, respectively. Eight ARGs (<italic>blaCTX-M</italic>, <italic>blaCTX-M-1</italic>, <italic>blaTEM</italic>, <italic>tet</italic>A, <italic>tet</italic>B, <italic>sul</italic>1, <italic>sul</italic>II, and <italic>aad</italic>A) were detected in humans, animals and the environmental samples. Human <italic>E. coli</italic> isolate samples harboured 38% of the ARGs. Analyzed data from this study highlights the occurrence of ARGs in <italic>E. coli</italic> isolates from animals, humans, and environmental samples in South Africa. Therefore, there is a necessity to develop a comprehensive “One Health” strategy to assess antibiotics use in order to understand the causes and dynamics of antibiotic resistance development, as such information will enable the formulation of intervention strategies to stop the spread of ARGs in the future. </abstract>

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance genes of Escherichia coli, a bacterium of “One Health” importance in South Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Ramatla¹,

Tawana²,

Lekota³

et al. 2023

AIMSMICRO

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“…The search was conducted on four databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, African Journals Online, and Scopus, as described by Ramatla et al [ 21 ]. We searched for all studies published in English from 1980 until June 2021.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The systematic reviews and meta-analyses: a step-by-step guide will be used to quantify and summarize the findings of these studies [ 20 ]. Few systematic reviews and meta-analyses studies have been performed in sub-Saharan Africa and Africa in the last ten years on invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease and the prevalence of Salmonella [ 8 , 21 – 23 ]. Such reviews focused on surveillance of iNTS infections in humans, in food animals and meat, and antibiotic resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Health Perspective of Salmonella Serovars in South Africa Using Pooled Prevalence: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ramatla

Tawana

Onyiche

et al. 2022

International Journal of Microbiology

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Salmonella is a bacterium that is commonly associated with food-borne infections and is regarded as one of the most important pathogens in public health. Salmonella serovars, particularly Typhimurium and Enteritidis, which are widely distributed globally, mainly result in outbreaks commonly linked to the consumption of animal products. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting the prevalence of Salmonella serovars from one health perspective that included human, environmental, and animal samples in South Africa. PubMed, ScienceDirect, African Journals Online, and Scopus databases were used to conduct extensive searches of articles which were ultimately included or excluded following the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. According to the data obtained in this review, the overall pooled prevalence estimates (PPE) of Salmonella serovars detection were 79.6%, 61.6%, 56.5%, and 43.2% for human, environment, animal, and environment/animal samples in South Africa, respectively. The majority of the studies (50%) used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for the detection of Salmonella serovars, followed by culture methods (26.7%), while 20% used serotyping. The PPE for nontyphoidal Salmonellae (NTS) was 65.6% and 34.4% for Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis, respectively. Our data further shows that 3 serovars, namely, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteriditis, and Salmonella Hadar, have been isolated from animals, humans, and the environment in South Africa. Our results highlight the ongoing spread of Salmonella spp. especially on animals which might end up infecting humans via direct contact with infected animals or eating infected animal products. This calls for deliberate “One Health” epidemiological studies in order to document information on the transmission between humans, animals, and the environment. This will ultimately result in the formulation of a consolidated salmonellosis control policy by the environmental, human, and veterinary health sectors.

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“…It is well-known that antibiotics have reduced the morbidity and mortality of many infectious diseases [ 5 ] and have been used as an important weapon to fight typhoid fever. However, the spread and injudicious use of antibiotics in human medicine has led to the rapid emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in S. Typhi strains [ 6 ]. There are various antibiotic-resistance-related genes found in S. Typhi including catA1 (conferring resistance to chloramphenicol), bla TEM-1 (resistant to ampicillin), dhfr7 , and sul1 (resistant to co-trimoxazole) [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Salmonella Typhi: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. typhi) that has developed resistance to many antimicrobials poses a serious challenge to public health. Hence, this study aimed to systematically determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in S. typhi isolated from the environment and humans as well as to ascertain the spread of the selected AMR genes in S. typhi. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and the study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A total of 2353 studies were retrieved from three databases, of which 42 studies fulfilled the selection criteria. The pooled prevalence of AMR S. typhi (using a random-effect model) was estimated at 84.8% (95% CI; 77.3–90.2), with high heterogeneity (I2: 95.35%, p-value < 0.001). The high estimated prevalence indicates that control methods should be improved immediately to prevent the spread of AMR among S. typhi internationally.

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Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Serotypes Concurrently Isolated from the Environment, Animals, and Humans in South Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 14 publications

References 57 publications

Antimicrobial resistance genes of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, a bacterium of “One Health” importance in South Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Antimicrobial resistance genes of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, a bacterium of “One Health” importance in South Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis

One Health Perspective of Salmonella Serovars in South Africa Using Pooled Prevalence: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Salmonella Typhi: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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