The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension among HIV Patients

Mbuthia, Grace Wambura; Magutah, Karani; McGarvey, Stephen T.

doi:10.1155/2021/5544916

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…42 Finally, this study finding showed that participants who had alcohol drinking experience were significantly associated with HTN. This finding is in agreement with studies done in Kenya 40 and Eastern Ethiopia. 8 This finding is also supported by clinical studies that state that chronic alcohol consumption of more than three drinks per day contributes to HTN incidence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…In this study, older age was independently associated with HTN. This finding is in line with studies done in northeast Ethiopia, 20 southern Ethiopia, 39 Malaysia, 26 United States, 23 Parirenyatwa hospital, 29 Kenya, 40 Uganda, 24 and a cross-sectional study in Senegal. 41 The possible explanation could be stiffening of arterial vasculature, decreased viscoelasticity property of vessels, and resistance to blood flow occurs in older patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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The magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among HIV-positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy clinics of Butajira General Hospital, Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia

et al. 2022

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Objectives: The study aimed to assess the magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension, and its associated factors among adult HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at Butajira General Hospital, southern Ethiopia. Methods: We applied an institutional-based cross-sectional study design at Butajira General Hospital from 1 May to 1 July 2021. We used a systematic random sampling technique to select the total number of participants. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was applied to collect the data (sociodemographic characteristics, clinical-related factors, and lifestyle-related factors from the study participants. Data were entered using Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed by statistical package for social science version 25. We applied a multivariable logistic regression analysis model to identify variables significantly associated with hypertension. Results: The study comprised 388 participants with 39 years (10.6 SD) as the mean age of the participants. Of the total participants, 235 (60.6%) were female. In this study the magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension among HIV-positive patients was 18.8% (95% CI: 14.7%–23.2%). Having comorbidity of diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio = 5.29, 95% CI: 2.154, 12.99), habit of alcohol drinking (adjusted odds ratio = 2.909, 95% CI: 1.306, 6.481), duration of antiretroviral therapy ⩾ 5 years (adjusted odds ratio = 3.087, 95% CI: 1.558, 6.115), and age ⩾ 40 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.642, 95% CI: 1.450, 4.813) were factors significantly associated with undiagnosed hypertension. Conclusions and recommendations: The magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension among HIV-positive patients attending the antiretroviral therapy clinic of Butajira General Hospital is high. The findings of this study implied that HIV-positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy clinics should be monitored routinely for hypertension; especially participants aged ⩾40 years, highly active antiretroviral therapy duration ⩾5 years, having diabetes mellitus comorbidity need more attention. Primary healthcare integration is also vital to enhance the health of HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among HIV-positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy clinics of Butajira General Hospital, Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia

et al. 2022

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“…Lubega and al. in their study on prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among people living with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy in Uganda found that hypertension was related to increasing age 34,44 . In our study, individuals older than 45 years were 4 times more likely to suffer from hypertension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Several studies have demonstrated that possible risk factors for hypertension in the HIV-infected population are old age, male gender, family history of HTN, long duration of HIV infection, low CD4 count, high viral burden, diabetes, high body mass index and certain medications combined with ART 16,43,44 . In our study HTN appears to be related to age, being overweight and obesity, diabetes, duration of HIV and the combined antiretroviral therapy for more than 5 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension and associated factors in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in Burundi: a cross-sectional study

Harimenshi

Niyongabo

Preux

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Currently, the life expectancy of people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the general population are similar. Hypertension is a major public health issue in Africa and is largely underdiagnosed. Most HIV-infected individuals, especially those on Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) have hypertension. Our project aims to determine the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors amongst HIV-infected adults treated by ART in Burundi. A cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-infected subjects over the age of 20, managed in five healthcare centers for people living with HIV (PLWH). The World Health Organization STEPWISE survey and anthropometric measurements were employed. Blood pressure was measured according to the ESC 2018 recommendations. 1 250 HIV-infected patients aged between 35.4 and 50.2 years were included (18.4% men). The prevalence of hypertension was 17.4% (95% CI 13.2–22.1). Approximately 47.25% of HIV patients with hypertension were previously undiagnosed. Other factors were associated with HTN, such as being overweight (OR 2.88; 95% CI 1.46–5.62), obesity (OR 2.65; 95% CI 1.27–5.55), longer duration of HIV infection: ≥ 10 years (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.14–3.20), diabetes (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.37–3.32) and age (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.09–1.14). Despite their young age, almost 20% of HIV-ART treated patients had hypertension, 50% of these were undiagnosed. Blood pressure monitoring is crucial in these patients, especially those identified as high-risk, with prompt life and disability-saving interventions.

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“…This finding is similar to what was found in other studies among PWH. 21 , 22 This is not surprising as estrogen is believed to have a positive impact on the vasodilation of the vessels hence subsequent control of hypertension. 23 This implies that menopause is a major blow in every aging woman’s life since estrogen lowers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Hypertension Among Adults on Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study

Mutebi¹,

Semulimi²,

Mukisa³

et al. 2023

IBPC

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Introduction Dolutegravir-based anti-retroviral therapy (ART) regimens were rolled out as first line HIV treatment in Uganda due to their tolerability, efficacy and high resistance barrier to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). They have however been associated with weight gain, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia which are cardiometabolic risk factors of hypertension. We assessed the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults on dolutegravir regimens. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on 430 systematically sampled adults on dolutegravir-based ART for ≥ 6 months. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or history of use of antihypertensive agents. Results The prevalence of hypertension was 27.2% (117 of 430 participants) [95% CI: 23.2–31.6]. Majority were female (70.7%), the median age 42 [34, 50] years, with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m 3 (59.6%) and median duration on DTG-based regimens of 28 [15, 33] months. Being male [aPR: 1.496, 95% CI: 1.122–1.994, P = 0.006], age ≥ 45 years [aPR: 4.23, 95% CI: 2.206–8.108, P < 0.001] and 35–44 years [aPR: 2.455, 95% CI: 1.216–4.947, P < 0.012] as compared with age < 35 years, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 3 [aPR: 1.489, 95% CI: 1.072–2.067, P = 0.017] as compared with BMI < 25 kg/m 3 , duration on dolutegravir-based ART [aPR: 1.008, 95% CI: 1.001–1.015, P = 0.037], family history of hypertension [aPR: 1.457, 95% CI: 1.064–1.995, P = 0.019] and history of heart disease [aPR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.205–2.484, P = 0.003] were associated with hypertension. Conclusion One in every four people with HIV (PWH) on dolutegravir-based ART has hypertension. We recommend the integration of hypertension management in the HIV treatment package and policies to improve existing supply chains for low cost and high-quality hypertension medications.

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The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension among HIV Patients

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

The magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among HIV-positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy clinics of Butajira General Hospital, Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia

The magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among HIV-positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy clinics of Butajira General Hospital, Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Hypertension and associated factors in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in Burundi: a cross-sectional study

Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Hypertension Among Adults on Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study

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