The Preservation and Clinical Use of Freeze-Dried Bone

Kreuz, Frank P.; Hyatt, George W.; Turner, Thomas C.; Bassett, A L

doi:10.2106/00004623-195133040-00005

Cited by 129 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…That includes irradiation over 20,000 Gy [3,14], autoclaving [25,35], ethylene oxide [20], cryolisis, and chemical exposure to hydrogen peroxide, and benzalconium chloride [38,46]. In our protocol of bone extraction we do not apply any method of sterilisation for two reasons: on the one hand, it does not seem essential as the extraction is performed under sterile conditions, and on the other, because the different methods of sterilisation (irradiation, autoclaving, chemical sterilisation, etc.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of frozen cranial vault bone allografts in the repair of extensive cranial bone defects

et al. 1997

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In cranioplasty complexity is proportional to the size of the detect, particularly if greater than 50 cm2. If the patient's own bone flap is not available, allogenic frozen bone graft can be used instead. Between June 1990 and June 1995 twenty cranioplasties with allogenic frozen bone grafts were performed. Age of patients ranged between 23 and 63 years (average 38.4 years). Male/female ratio was 2:1.7. Size of craniectomy ranged between 65 and 150 cm2 (average 83.3 cm2). Follow-up ranged between 10 and 58 months (average 41 months). Donors were tested to rule out transmissible diseases, infections, sepsis and/or cancer. Bone grafts were removed under aseptic conditions, microbiological cultures were taken, wrapped in a gauze soaked with Gentamicin sulphate and Bacitracin, sealed in three sterilised vinyl plastic bags, and stored in a deep freezer for a minimum of 30 days (range 36-93 days, average 67 days), at a temperature of -80 degrees C. Grafts were placed in the defect after a step was carved on its borders to facilitate the contact between host and graft. Vancomycin 1 g. IV/12 hours and Ceftriaxone 1 g. IV/12 hours were administered for five days. Grafts were covered by means of scalp flaps. Only one required a musculocutaneous free flap. None was exposed, extruded or had to be removed. Plain skull X-ray studies showed progressive remodelling of the grafts. Partial resorption was observed in two (2/20, 10%) and loss of thickness in another 3/20 (15%), but with no changes in the contour. Biopsies were taken in 3/20 (15%) cases at a second surgical procedure. Areas of osteoclastic resorptive activity mixed with others of osteoblastic bone apposition, showed replacement with new bone. We conclude that cranial vault frozen allografts are a good alternative to autologous bone when the latter is absent or not present in sufficient amount.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of frozen cranial vault bone allografts in the repair of extensive cranial bone defects

et al. 1997

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“…The biomechanical response to an allograft onlay strut has been well documented in a canine model (Kreuz et al, 1951;Emerson et al, 1992). The bone-plate allograft augmented the strength in the host bone and promoted healing of the fracture site (Malinin et al, 1984;Zhou et al, 2005a,b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical assessment of freeze-dried allograft cortical bone plate graft in canine bone defect model

Heo¹,

Lee²,

Lee³

et al. 2009

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Freeze-dried cortical bone can be used as a biological plate, either alone or in combination with other internal fixation devices, to stabilize fractures. In addition to it conferring mechanical stability, freeze-dried cortical bone may enhance fracture-healing and increase the bone stock. This study examined the effect of a freeze-dried allograft cortical bone plate (FACBP) on the biomechanical properties of an implant site in a canine bone defect model. Twelve adult mongrel dogs (around 4.8 kg) were used. A segmental critical-size defect (5 mm in length) at ulna diaphysis was created using an oscillating saw. The experimental animals were divided into two groups: eight dogs treated with an absorbable bone plate (FACBP) fixed by metal bone screws (Group A) and four dogs treated with a commercial stainless steel bone plate and metal bone screws (Group B). Bone healing was assessed by radiography, Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and a three-point bending test. The FACBP incorporated in the host bone produced complete remodeling of the cortical bone. There was no significant difference in the bone mineral density and biomechanical tests between the FACBP application site and normal ulna or a stainless steel bone plate of the ulna. These results suggest that FACBP facilitates recovery from a bone fracture by assisting in the induction of new bone formation in a defected fracture.

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“…In that Tissue Bank allografts were obtained from the nearby National Naval Medical Centre. In addition, they developed a method for freeze-drying of allografts by lyophilisation, which made it possible to store and preserve allografts for several years without the need for refrigeration or freezing (Kreuz et al 1951). In the first century of bone transplantation disease transmission was not of great concern.…”

Section: History Of Bone Transplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%