Biomechanical assessment of freeze-dried allograft cortical bone plate graft in canine bone defect model

Abstract

Freeze-dried cortical bone can be used as a biological plate, either alone or in combination with other internal fixation devices, to stabilize fractures. In addition to it conferring mechanical stability, freeze-dried cortical bone may enhance fracture-healing and increase the bone stock. This study examined the effect of a freeze-dried allograft cortical bone plate (FACBP) on the biomechanical properties of an implant site in a canine bone defect model. Twelve adult mongrel dogs (around 4.8 kg) were used. A segmental critical-size defect (5 mm in length) at ulna diaphysis was created using an oscillating saw. The experimental animals were divided into two groups: eight dogs treated with an absorbable bone plate (FACBP) fixed by metal bone screws (Group A) and four dogs treated with a commercial stainless steel bone plate and metal bone screws (Group B). Bone healing was assessed by radiography, Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and a three-point bending test. The FACBP incorporated in the host bone produced complete remodeling of the cortical bone. There was no significant difference in the bone mineral density and biomechanical tests between the FACBP application site and normal ulna or a stainless steel bone plate of the ulna. These results suggest that FACBP facilitates recovery from a bone fracture by assisting in the induction of new bone formation in a defected fracture.

Effect of gamma irradiation and supercritical carbon dioxide sterilization with Novakill™ or ethanol on the fracture toughness of cortical bone

“…38 Despite these various studies, the impact of such treatments on the fracture toughness and R-curve behavior of bone under quasistatic loading conditions remains unknown. To this end, we investigate canine femur cortical bone-animal models such as canine are commonly used for implant biomaterial research as they have compositional and structural similarities with human bone [39][40][41] -SCF-treated with Novakill™ for 2, 6, and 24 h and compare the material's R-curve behavior to materials that were SCF-treated for the same periods with ethanol as the additive, as well as to 25 kGy gamma irradiated and untreated control bone. We further correlate our findings with the deformation mechanisms of bone and molecular changes across multiple length scales.…”

Comparative Effectiveness of Bone Grafting Using Xenograft Freeze-Dried Cortical Bovine, Allograft Freeze-Dried Cortical New Zealand White Rabbit, Xenograft Hydroxyapatite Bovine, and Xenograft Demineralized Bone Matrix Bovine in Bone Defect of Femoral Diaphysis of White Rabbit: Experimental Study In Vivo

“…These bone defects should be filled with bone grafts to “bridge” the defects [1, 2]. Nowadays, bone graft transplantation is the second most frequently performed procedure after blood transfusion [3].…”