The Present Status of Dense (Supercritical) Gas Extraction and Dense Gas Chromatography: Impetus for DGC/MS Development

Modification of Butter Oil: Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction and Intereseterification

“…In addition to the more "traditional" attempts on thermal modification of natural products (Fouad et al 1990(Fouad et al , 1993, recent studies have revived the use of supercritical gases for natural product extractions as capabilities of supercritical gases have been recognized for over a century (Hannay and Hokarth 1879). This technique, normally employs carbon dioxide because of its chemical inertness (Weder 1984), nonflammability, nontoxicity and that its gaseous nature does not precipitate problems associated with processing residues (Hubert and Vitzthum 1978;Randall 1982). Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-C02) extraction has been applied to the decaffeination of coffee (Zosel 1973(Zosel , 1978, the extraction of oilseeds, hop resins and spices (Hubert and Vitzthum 1978) and the modification of butter oil (Shishikura et al 1986;Arul et af.…”

Solubility of o-hydroxybenzoic acid in supercritical carbon dioxide

“…Extractions using supercritical fluids (SCFs) as solvents have been the subject of considerable attention over the past few years. Some recent applications of SCFs in the process industries and the advantages associated with their utilization in extractions and separations are well documented (Williams, 1981; Paulaitis et al, 1982;Randall, 1982;Johnston, 1984;Hoyer, 1985;Eckert et al, 1986a;McHugh, 1986). The primary property of SCFs that provides enormous potential in separation processes is the ability to vary the solvent density of a SCF in the vicinity of its critical point with only small changes in temperature and/or pressure.…”

Enzyme-catalyzed interesterification of triglycerides in supercritical carbon dioxide

“…Supercritical fluids have proven useful for the processing of biological materials and may provide a promising alternative solvent for enzymatic catalysis. Supercritical fluids are used industrially in extraction processes, and several reviews on supercritical fluid extraction (McHugh and Krukonis, 1986;Randall, 1982;Williams, 1981) have been published. Examples of extraction processes that have been developed include extraction of caffeine from coffee (Roselius et al, 1974), extraction of vegetable oils (Friedrich, 1984), removal of cyclic oligomers from polyoxyalkylene (Copelin, 1981), and extraction of chemotherapeutic agents from plant materials (Krukonis et al, 1979).…”