The Presence of Streptomycin Resistant Strains of Erwinia Amylovora in New Zealand

Thomson, S. V.; Gouk, S.C.; Vanneste, J.L.; Hale, Chris; Clark, R. G.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.1993.338.30

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This lack of data is the case even for environments in which antimicrobials are used for managing bacterial plant diseases of fruit trees, for which antimicrobial use in the United States has proven to be economical [2]. The extent of naturally occurring antimicrobial resistance is not well known because, except for monitoring the target pathogen treated with antimicrobials, even fewer studies have monitored the resistance of nontreated, wild-type pathogens [3,4] and commensal bacteria [5].…”

Section: Current Use Of Antimicrobials In Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Uses of Antimicrobials in Plant Agriculture

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bacterial diseases of plants are less prevalent than diseases caused by fungi and viruses. Antimicrobials for prophylactic treatment of bacterial diseases of plants are limited in availability, use, and efficacy, and therapeutic use is largely ineffective. Most applications are by spray treatments in orchards. Monitoring and surveillance for drug resistance are not routinely done. In the United States, data on use of antimicrobials for treatment of bacterial diseases of plants are limited to streptomycin and oxytetracycline. Resistance to streptomycin has become widespread among bacterial phytopathogens; no resistance among these bacteria has yet been reported for oxytetracycline. No human health effects have been documented since inception of use of antimicrobials in plants in the 1950s. Transfer of antimicrobial resistance from marker genes in transgenic plants to bacteria has not been documented under natural conditions in field-grown plants. However, antimicrobial-resistance genes are being eliminated from use as marker genes because of concerns about possible transfer from plant genomes back to bacteria, with further horizontal transfer to the bacteria in the environment, or from plant genomes to animals by plant consumption. No new antimicrobials are expected to be used in plant agriculture because of high costs of development, regulatory constraints, and environmental and human health concerns. Alternatives to antimicrobials, such as biocontrol agents, transgenic plants, and novel chemicals, are being developed and marketed, although their efficacy remains to be determined.

show abstract

Section: Current Use Of Antimicrobials In Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Uses of Antimicrobials in Plant Agriculture

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, more permissive legislation on the application of streptomycin may lead to selection of streptomycin-resistant genes in the bacterial community. In Erwinia , the identification of streptomycin-resistant strains has already been observed, for example in the USA [61,62], Egypt [63], New Zealand [64], Israel [65], Canada [66], Lebanon (reviewed in [67]), Syria [68] and Mexico [69]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Blight Control: The Struggle Goes On. A Comparison of Different Fire Blight Control Methods in Switzerland with Respect to Biosafety, Efficacy and Durability

Gusberti¹,

Klemm

Meier

et al. 2015

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fire blight (FB), caused by Erwinia amylovora, is one of the most important pome fruit pathogens worldwide. To control this devastating disease, various chemical and biological treatments are commonly applied in Switzerland, but they fail to keep the infection at an acceptable level in years of heavy disease pressure. The Swiss authorities therefore currently allow the controlled use of the antibiotic streptomycin against FB in years that are predicted to have heavy infection periods, but only one treatment per season is permitted. Another strategy for controlling Erwinia is to breed resistant/tolerant apple cultivars. One way of accelerating the breeding process is to obtain resistant cultivars by inserting one or several major resistance genes, using genetic engineering. To date, no study summarizing the impact of different FB control measures on the environment and on human health has been performed. This study consequently aims to compare different disease-control measures (biological control, chemical control, control by antibiotics and by resistant/tolerant apple cultivars obtained through conventional or molecular breeding) applied against E. amylovora, considering different protection goals (protection of human health, environment, agricultural diversity and economic interest), with special emphasis on biosafety aspects. Information on each FB control measure in relation to the specified protection goal was assessed by literature searches and by interviews with experts. Based on our results it can be concluded that the FB control measures currently applied in Switzerland are safe for consumers, workers and the environment. However, there are several gaps in our knowledge of the human health and environmental impacts analyzed: data are missing (1) on long term studies on the efficacy of most of the analyzed FB control measures; (2) on the safety of operators handling streptomycin; (3) on residue analyses of Equisetum plant extract, the copper and aluminum compounds used in apple production; and (4) on the effect of biological and chemical control measures on non-target fauna and flora. These gaps urgently need to be addressed in the near future.

show abstract

“…Diversity of E. amylovora is also related to antibiotic resistance as a result of antibiotic use (especially streptomycin and tetracycline) as control agents against fire blight (Schnabel & Jones 1999). Recently, strains of E. amylovora resistant to the streptomycin have been described outside of North America, including in New Zealand (Thomson et al 1993), Israel (Manulis et al 1996) and Lebanon (Saad et al 2000). Antibiotics have never been officially used in either Slovakia or Hungary to control fire blight in their pome fruit-producing areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variability of plant-associated proteobacteria isolated from Slovak (Central European) territory

Malík¹,

Hudáková²,

Stramová

et al. 2016

Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a department of general and Quarantine diagnostics, central control and testing institute of Agriculture, haniska, slovakia; b institute of Animal Physiology, slovak Academy of sciences, Košice, slovakia; c faculty of natural sciences, department of chemistry, ABSTRACT Genetic variability of 17 wild strains of γ-proteobacteria isolated from different host plants, locations and seasons, identified via routine diagnostics as Erwinia amylovora, was analysed. The ERIC-PCR confirmed the genetic homogeneity among 15 virulent strains while 2 avirulent strains were genetically distinct. These two avirulent strains differed in their antibiotic susceptibility from all virulent strains. The only avirulent Ra1051/98 strain showed significant ampicillin resistance. All 15 virulent strains were confirmed via the ERIC-PCR and MALDI-TOF MS, as closely related to the reference strain NCPPB 683 of E. amylovora. Avirulent strains were identified as Rahnella aquatilis and L. quercina subsp. britannica (formerly Brenneria quercina), by MALDI-TOF MS and the identification was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. For the first time, L. quercina subsp britannica was identified in the fire blight-symptomatic samples in Central Europe, and for the first time this bacterium was isolated from the host different than oak.

show abstract

The Presence of Streptomycin Resistant Strains of Erwinia Amylovora in New Zealand

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Uses of Antimicrobials in Plant Agriculture

Uses of Antimicrobials in Plant Agriculture

Fire Blight Control: The Struggle Goes On. A Comparison of Different Fire Blight Control Methods in Switzerland with Respect to Biosafety, Efficacy and Durability

Genetic variability of plant-associated proteobacteria isolated from Slovak (Central European) territory

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About