The Presence and Importance of Yeastlike Fungi in the Gastrointestinal Tract in Pernicious Anemia, in Other Diseases and in Normal Individuals

Nye, Robert N.; Zerfas, L. G.; Cornwell, M. Agnes

doi:10.1097/00000441-192802000-00001

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Two of the investigators worked in large cosmopolitan cities, New York and Buenos Aires, and two in smaller centers in largely rural states, Georgia, Oklahoma and North Dakota. Their results in this regard check very well with the findings of Nye and collaborators (213), who found that 15 per cent of 192 fecal samples from 121 persons and 31 gastric contents from 29 persons, yielded C. albicans. Felsenfeld (82) also found C. albicans in feces of 19% of 300 new admissions in a hospital, 38% of 600 ward cases, 34% of 100 typhoid carriers, 41% of 100 "food poisoning carriers", 47% of 47 bacillary dysentery cases and 12%0 of 50 treated dysentery cases.…”

Section: ]supporting

confidence: 88%

“…Mackie and Chitre (163), for instance, found approximately the same number of Candida albicans in sprue and non-sprue cases. Many observers (e.g., 19,86,105,153,207,213, 247) have found species of Candida in feces, often as commonly from healthy persons as from those suffering from sprue or other intestinal disorders. Table 2 will show the incidence of species found by the four of the above who made a careful 19471 differentiation of species.…”

Section: ]mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Yeast-Like Fungi: Candida and Brettanomyces

Skinner¹

1947

Bacteriological Reviews

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names which we do not accept and have been corrected in accordance with the common interpretation of the International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature, the latter by Buchwald (26), the former by the author" (253). Henrici (111) called attention to the fact that the primary division of yeasts which produce mycelium from those which do not is one that is difficult to make in practice. Most yeasts, if they are studied sufficiently, will be found to produce pseudomycelium or sometime possibly even true mycelium. There are all gradations between no pseudomycelium at all and a pseudomycelium so well developed that it can hardly be differentiated from true mycelium except by following through its formation as it develops in the microscopic field. Stelling-Dekker avoided this difficulty by classifying together ascosporogenous yeasts with and without mycelium. Lodder chose to divide the Cryptococcaceae (Torulopsidaceae) into two subfamilies on this basis. Frankly, the author does not like this division but must confess that he cannot suggest a better one. It is evident that this has given Diddens and Lodder some difficulty also. Diddens and Lodder's subdivision of the Candidoideae into only three genera is both logical and convenient. It is made on the basis of the type of thallospores produced, blastospores or arthrospores. Forms which produce blastospores only are put in the genus Candida or the genus BreUanomyces, those which produce both blastospores and arthrospores are put in the genus Trichosporon, those which produce arthrospores but not blastospores are excluded from the family. These include such organisms as Geotrichum candidum (Oidium lactia). OLD AND RECENT CLASSIFICATIONS OF CANDIDA Candida albicans (Robin) Berkhout is not only the type species of the genus but it is the outstanding species in importance and interest. The confusion in the nomenclature of this species may be appreciated from the fact that Ciferri, Redaelli and Cavallero (52) in 1938 found 45 different binomial synonyms, Diddens and Lodder in 1942 (69) cite 87, and Conant and associates, in 1944 (56) state that there are 172 in the literature! It was just 100 years ago, in 1847, that Robin first described a species 1947] 23

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