“…Due to increasingly stringent environmental regulations being imposed to reduce the sulfur content to very low levels, various deep desulfurization processes have been developed in the past few years, including adsorptive desulfurization on various substrates such as mesoporous CeMCM-41 (Ke and Xin, 2010), activated carbon (Muzic et al, 2011), nanocrystalline NaY zeolite synthesized using carbon nanotube templated growth (Tang et al, 2011), and Ni/ZnO adsorbent (Zhang et al, 2010); desulfurization based on molecular recognition (Sun et al, 2008); biodesulfurization (Bhatia and Sharma, 2006); extractive desulfurization with ionic liquids (ILs; Gao et al, 2009;Schmidt, 2008) and sulfolane (Adžamić et al, 2010); oxidative desulfurization (ODS) followed by extraction using aldehyde and molecular oxygen in the presence of cobalt catalysts (Rao et al, 2011), peroxotungstate biquaternary ammonium salt/H 2 O 2 system (Zou et al, 2011), tungstophosphoric acid in a one-step oxidation-extraction method , and phosphotungstic acid in IL .…”