“…Important, often now neglected, investigations also occurred in river systems on the northern and eastern margins of the Kalahari basin. These include the analysis of ESA to LSA artefacts from the staircase of river terrace and Kalahari Sand deposits associated with the Zambezi valley both above and below Victoria Falls (Clark, 1950;Bond and Clark, 1954); extensive artefact spreads in the valley terrace deposits of Zambezi tributaries in modern Zimbabwe (Jones, 1944;Bond, 1946) and in the Nata River in eastern Botswana (Bond and Summers, 1954); and MSA and LSA sites on the Upper Zambezi in western Zambia (Phillipson, 1968(Phillipson, , 1975(Phillipson, , 1976(Phillipson, , 1977. The Upper Zambezi sites have recently been given chronometric control by Burrough et al (2019), while new chronologies are being developed for the Victoria Falls sites that provide a maximum age for the transition to the MSA in this area of 590 ± 86 ka (Richter et al, 2022).…”