Abstract:The relationship between measures of worker effectiveness in a therapeutic telephone intervention and whether a caller shows for a scheduled appointment can be used to assess the variables that contribute to "successful" telephone counseling. This study replicated the findings of a previous investigation in showing that the motivation of a caller in response to the question of a referral was positively correlated with "showing" for the appointment. Futher, the identification of a specific problem related negat… Show more
“…(1973), Slaikeu, Tulkin, & Speer, (1975), and Walfish, Tapp, Tulkin, Slaikeu, & Russel (1975) have been able to show a relationship between certain client/counselor interactions and the probability that the client will actually keep a scheduled appointment for face-to-face counseling. It is likely that variables such as follow-up timing, frequency, and/or target (OP or 00) are important in facilitating the beginning of counseling.…”
Current investigations of telephone crisis intervention effectiveness have neglected the evaluation of broad patterns of interaction between the crisis center and the larger community. This study describes the development and implementation of a Caller Frequency Category System (CAFS) which is based upon the frequency and type of contacts between callers and the center. Data collected for 100 clients from a crisis intervention center suggest that the system can be applied reliably and does differentiate among clients by the type of interaction they have with the center. Two unexpected findings were that (a) longer‐term callers tended to be older men or teenage girls, and (b) the greatest proportion of total telephone use involved calls initiated by the center itself to people other than crisis clients. Revisions to the CAFS are proposed which will clarify the role which a crisis center serves in the community‐wide resolution of personal crises.
“…(1973), Slaikeu, Tulkin, & Speer, (1975), and Walfish, Tapp, Tulkin, Slaikeu, & Russel (1975) have been able to show a relationship between certain client/counselor interactions and the probability that the client will actually keep a scheduled appointment for face-to-face counseling. It is likely that variables such as follow-up timing, frequency, and/or target (OP or 00) are important in facilitating the beginning of counseling.…”
Current investigations of telephone crisis intervention effectiveness have neglected the evaluation of broad patterns of interaction between the crisis center and the larger community. This study describes the development and implementation of a Caller Frequency Category System (CAFS) which is based upon the frequency and type of contacts between callers and the center. Data collected for 100 clients from a crisis intervention center suggest that the system can be applied reliably and does differentiate among clients by the type of interaction they have with the center. Two unexpected findings were that (a) longer‐term callers tended to be older men or teenage girls, and (b) the greatest proportion of total telephone use involved calls initiated by the center itself to people other than crisis clients. Revisions to the CAFS are proposed which will clarify the role which a crisis center serves in the community‐wide resolution of personal crises.
“…Regarding TE, no evidence has been presented tying this variable to independent measures of outcome. The total TE score has been found to be uncorrelated with outcome as measured by client self-report of satisfaction with the call when recontacted within 24 hours (Wilson et al,Note 4), and with outcome evaluated in terms of whether the caller subsequently appeared for a scheduled appointment (Tapp, Slaikeu, & Tulkin, 1974;Walfish, Tapp, Tulkin, Slaikeu, & Russell, 1975).…”
Crisis intervention studies conducted in suicide prevention/crisis intervention programs, in psychiatric settings, and with surgical patients are critically evaluated. In the first area the impracticality of suicide as an outcome measure and the need for shifting evaluation emphasis from crisis worker performance to client behavior change measures is stressed. Also, the virtual impossibility of demonstrating overall program impact on the community and the need for developing internal program evaluation procedures is noted. Studies in psychiatric settings suffer from considerable methodological shortcomings that prohibit definitive conclusions; studies operationally specifying treatment components are greatly needed here. Studies with surgery patients indicate the necessity for developing intervention techniques most appropriate for individuals differing in their typical manner of dealing with stress. In all settings, outcome measures should be appropriate to the situation and logically related to the goals of intervention.
“…The effectiveness of telephone interventions with medical patients other than those with cancer is wellestablished (Hornblow 1986). A number of studies have demonstrated that telephone support confers significant benefits, including enhanced compliance in health care (Walfish et al 1975;Lando et al 1992); resource savings (Weinberger et al 1993); and improvements in both family (Johnson & Frank 1995) and patient well-being (Hornblow & Sloane 1980;Evans et al 1984Evans et al , 1985Shepard 1987;Hallam 1989;Preston et al 1992;Cherry & Rubinstein 1994). Since the patients who have been the subjects of such studies suffer from many of the same kinds of psycho-social problems as cancer patients, such as depression, anxiety, loneliness, and social concerns (e.g.…”
This paper provides an overview of the use of supportive telephone interventions in cancer patients. The small number of studies that have been reported to date have demonstrated that such approaches are feasible and well accepted. Current telephone counselling programmes for cancer patients have utilized both one-to-one and group approaches. Given the promise of telephone interventions to provide assistance to patients who may not otherwise receive psycho-social care because of factors such as geographical isolation, physical limitations, or lack of comfort with face-to-face approaches, further development and evaluation of programmes in this area is critically needed. We identify priorities for future research, including determining the most effective ways to deliver telephone interventions, identifying patient groups in which they are most successful, and evaluating cost-effectiveness.
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