etc. Artistic or, even better, aesthetic preparation is one step above physical preparation yet all three are merging together. The positive motivation for competition is far more important for success than negative motivation. The concept of efficiency-oriented motivation is related to competing and the need for victory. Many studies claim that competitiveness is more emphasized in male athletes than in female athletes (Gill, Dzewaltowski, & Deeter, 1988; Nicholls, 1989). Encouraging others to act, think and behave in a certain way is the responsibility of many people (e.g. coaches) and motivating others can be very challenging (Mallet, Kawabata, Newcombe, Otero-Forero, & Jackson, 2007). People with higher levels of self-determined motivation are more efficient, use positive coping strategies in stressful situations (Amiot, Gaudreau, & Blanchard, 2004), persist longer and invest more effort in activities (Pelletier et al., 1995). In sport actions of achievement behaviour