The Potential Use of Hypochlorous Acid and a Smart Prefabricated Sanitising Chamber to Reduce Occupation-Related COVID-19 Exposure

Nguyen, Kate; Bui, Dinh; Hashemi, Mahak; Hocking, Dianna M; Mendis, Priyan; Strugnell, Richard A.; Dharmage, Shyamali C.

doi:10.2147/rmhp.s284897

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Similarly, iPOSH containing 250 ppm HClO did not cause skin irritation in humans by open patch test (Souken Co., Ltd.). Furthermore, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved the use of HClO solution for eye and dental spray application (Nguyen et al, 2021 ). Thus, HClO solution has several advantages in comparison with alcohol‐based disinfectant and NaClO: it is none toxic, none irritation to skin and none flammable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypochlorous acid solution is a potent antiviral agent against SARS‐CoV‐2

Hatanaka

Yasugi

Tomoko

et al. 2021

J of Applied Microbiology

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Aim A novel coronavirus, termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) suddenly appeared in Wuhan, China, and has caused pandemic. In this study, we evaluated antiviral activity of purified hypochlorous acid (HClO) against coronaviruses such as SARS‐CoV‐2 and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) responsible for pig diseases. Materials and Results In a suspension test, 28.1 ppm HClO solution inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 in phosphate‐buffered saline with the reduction of 10 4 of 50% tissue culture infectious dose per ml (TCID 50 per ml) within 10 s. When its concentration increased to 59.4 ppm, the virus titre decreased to below the detection limit (reduction of 5 logs TCID 50 ) within 10 s even in the presence of 0.1% foetal bovine serum. In a carrier test, incubation with 125 ppm HClO solution for 10 min or 250 ppm for 5 min inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 by more than 4 logs TCID 50 per ml or below the detection limit. Because the titre of TGEV was 10‐fold higher, TGEV was used for SARS‐CoV‐2 in a suspension test. As expected, 56.3 ppm HClO solution inactivated TGEV by 6 logs TCID 50 within 30 s. Conclusions In a carrier test, 125 ppm HClO solution for 10 min incubation is adequate to inactivate 4 logs TCID 50 per ml of SARS‐CoV‐2 or more while in a suspension test 56.3 ppm HClO is adequate to inactivate 5 logs TCID 50 per ml of SARS‐CoV‐2 when incubated for only 10 s regardless of presence or absence of organic matter. Significance and Impact of the Study Effectiveness of HClO solution against SARS‐CoV‐2 was demonstrated by both suspension and carrier tests. HClO solution inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 by 5 logs TCID 50 within 10 s. HClO solution has several advantages such as none toxicity, none irritation to skin and none flammable. Thus, HClO solution can be used as a disinfectant for SARS‐CoV‐2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypochlorous acid solution is a potent antiviral agent against SARS‐CoV‐2

Hatanaka

Yasugi

Tomoko

et al. 2021

J of Applied Microbiology

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“…(2) Such ndings have brought HOCl to the fore as a safe, yet highly effective, alternative to quaternary ammonium formulations, hypochlorite solutions, ozone, peroxide, and alcohols of various types. (24,25) We undertook this research because humans are being exposed to HOCl at an unprecedented rate, sometimes via aerosols that they are obliged to encounter as a condition of entry into public buildings to control the COVID-19 virus. (26) Some of these exposure patterns offer unproven bene ts, but the overall safety pro le of HOCl, recognition of its in vitro e cacy, and popular understanding of HOCl as a natural product of human cellular defense, have each encouraged these new patterns of use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhalation of a fog of hypochlorous acid (HOCl): Biochemical, antimicrobial, and pathological assessment

Rasmussen¹

2021

Preprint

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Evidence is emerging of the beneficial effects of inhaling microaerosolized hypochlorous acid (HOCl) as an intervention in the prevention and treatment of respiratory virus infections, including SARS CoV-2. However, little information is available about the effects of inhalation of homogenous HOCl solutions in normal human subjects or in experimental animals. In this report we establish through independent laboratories that the SARS-CoV-2 virus is rapidly inactivated by exposure to HOCl. Inhalation of an aerosolized form of the same HOCl solution by rodents, in accordance with a US-EPA acute 4-hour inhalation toxicity protocol, then provided observational, gross pathological, and histopathological evidence that their pulmonary exposure did not result in any difference when compared to control animals. During the pandemic lockdown, subjective impressions of exposure to aerosolized HOCl were submitted as self-reported responses by employees of a machine-tool shop located in Tacoma, Washington, about 35 miles from Seattle. At that location exposure to HOCl was adopted by a subset of employees as a routine for entry into the facilities. Under short-term, controlled conditions those individuals breathed HOCl misted from a reservoir containing 180 ppm free active chlorine (FAC). Their reports were used to arrive at inferences regarding the effects of exposure. Chemical and antimicrobial characterizations of the aerosols used for these exposures were also performed. Results are discussed in relation to (1) published accounts of HOCl preparations and their effects on respiratory viruses, including rhinoviruses and coronaviruses, and (2) the potential for rational intervention in infections arising from aerosolized pathogens, including the pandemic SARS-CoV-2, using inhalation as a method for administration of HOCl.

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“…HOCl fogging is an important case study of technology deployed in commercial and medical settings ,− without full consideration of the indoor chemical side effects. A substantial body of research exists on the reactivity and biochemistry of HOCl in the immune system, on the details of its reactivity with organic compounds, and on its proclivity to induce inflammation. − HOCl has a reacto-diffusive length of a few micrometers in biological systems, and its biochemical activity is thus highly localized.…”

Section: The Underappreciated Chemistry Of Hoclmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unintended Consequences of Air Cleaning Chemistry

Collins

Farmer

2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Amplified interest in maintaining clean indoor air associated with the airborne transmission risks of SARS-CoV-2 have led to an expansion in the market for commercially available air cleaning systems. While the optimal way to mitigate indoor air pollutants or contaminants is to control (remove) the source, air cleaners are a tool for use when absolute source control is not possible. Interventions for indoor air quality management include physical removal of pollutants through ventilation or collection on filters and sorbent materials, along with chemically reactive processes that transform pollutants or seek to deactivate biological entities. This perspective intends to highlight the perhaps unintended consequences of various air cleaning approaches via indoor air chemistry. Introduction of new chemical agents or reactive processes can initiate complex chemistry that results in the release of reactive intermediates and/or byproducts into the indoor environment. Since air cleaning systems are often continuously running to maximize their effectiveness and most people spend a vast majority of their time indoors, human exposure to both primary and secondary products from air cleaners may represent significant exposure risk. This Perspective highlights the need for further study of chemically reactive air cleaning and disinfection methods before broader adoption.

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The Potential Use of Hypochlorous Acid and a Smart Prefabricated Sanitising Chamber to Reduce Occupation-Related COVID-19 Exposure

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

Hypochlorous acid solution is a potent antiviral agent against SARS‐CoV‐2

Hypochlorous acid solution is a potent antiviral agent against SARS‐CoV‐2

Inhalation of a fog of hypochlorous acid (HOCl): Biochemical, antimicrobial, and pathological assessment

Unintended Consequences of Air Cleaning Chemistry

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