The potential therapeutic role of Fenugreek saponin against Alzheimers disease: Evaluation of apoptotic and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities

Abstract

Alzheimer disease (AD) is known as lacking in the neuro-transmitters within the brain cells due to increase the Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity. So, use of AchE inhibitors (AchEI) is believed to be the best way in treatment of Alzheimer. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the AchEI and apoptotic activities of fenugreek saponin against AD in vivo. Ninety male aged Sprague Dawley rats were allocated in several experimental groups including untreated animals, supplemented animals with 0.05%, 0.1% and 2% of fenugreek saponin (FS), animals treated with AlCl3 to induce AD, AD-induced animals treated with the previous doses of FS or with Rivastigmine. Brain tissues of different groups were used for determine the AchEI and apoptotic activities as well as generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage and expression of apoptotic related genes (Bax; Bcl2 and caspase-3). The results showed that FS increased the AChEI and apoptosis activities as well as elevated the gene expression levels of Bax; Bcl2 and caspase-3 genes in ADinduced rats. However, FS decreased the ROS generation and DNA damage in AD-induced rats compared with control rats. The results suggested that the ability of fenugreek saponin to inhibit AD due to increase AChE inhibition activity might be attributed to increase the antioxidants in this herb. Moreover, enhancement the apoptosis by fenugreek saponin could be attributed mainly to the regulation process of Bax, Bcl-2 and casapse-3 in the apoptotic pathway and not by generation of ROS in the brain cells of the AD-induced rats.

Studies on the phytomodulatory potential of fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum‐graecum ) on bisphenol‐A induced testicular damage in mice

“…This is in concurrence with the earlier report by Similar results were shown by Khalil, Roshdy, and Kassem (2016) where fenugreek seed extract increased the level of Bcl-2 and showed protective role against Alzheimer's disease. Diminished expression of Bcl-2 clearly shows the testicular apoptosis.…”

“…Similar results were shown by Khalil, Roshdy, and Kassem (2016) where fenugreek seed extract increased the level of Bcl-2 and showed protective role against Alzheimer's disease.…”

Effect of Donepezil and Hyoscyamoside on Improving Spatial Memory in Rats With Alzheimer's Disease

“…Researchers are trying to develop drugs that, in addition to having better effects, also have fewer side effects. Plants are one of the sources that have always been used for the production of new medicines [17]. The present results showed that the use of donepezil and hyoscyamoside improved memory.…”

Nutritional and therapeutic properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): a review

“…[34] For example, Khalil and his coworkers applied fenugreek saponins (0.05-2.0%) through diet on rats for 45 days and found that dietary administration of fenugreek saponins resulted in the inhibition of apoptosis and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity thus induced neuroprotective effects. [35] Similarly, Bin-Hafeez and his group induced dietary administration of 5% fenugreek seed powder for 4 weeks to analyze the neuroprotective effects against aluminium chloride-induced neurotoxicity using mice model and reported significant neuroprotective effect of fenugreek seed powder. [36] In another study, Garcia-Miralles and coworkers reported that ethanolic extract of fenugreek at various doses (100-500 mg/kg) were useful in attenuating the depression through inhibiting the activity of MAO (monoamine oxidase) A and B inhibitor clorgyline resulting in improved neurotransmission.…”