The potential role of the Arthus and Shwartzman reactions in the pathogenesis of pneumonic pasteurellosis

Ramírez-Romero, Rafael; Brogden, Kim A.

doi:10.1007/s000110050565

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In goat herds, pneumonia increases production costs associated with expensive treatments. Although pneumonia often occurs in kids, illness and deaths also occur in adult animals (Ramírez-Romero and Brogden, 2000). Bacterial infection of the respiratory tract may be primary, occurring in healthy individuals or secondary to a large number of conditions which depress resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondary bacterial infection occurs especially when the bacterial growing in the nose and throat extends downwards, usually giving a mixed infection (Megra et al, 2006). According to Ramírez-Romero and Brogden (2000), the most frequent causes of respiratory infection and death are Pasteurella multocida or Mannheimia haemolytica (previously called P. haemolytica). P. multocida and M. haemolytica are commonly found in the upper respiratory tract of healthy goats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pasteurella organism: Its isolation and identification from pneumonic lungs of goats in Ethiopia

et al. 2017

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Objective: The objective of this study was to isolate and identify Pasteurella spp. associated with pneumonic lungs showing respiratory signs of goats in Ethiopia. Materials and methods: A total of 2400 goats that were slaughtered at the Hashim's Ethiopian Livestock and Meat Export abattoir, Ethiopia were randomly selected for this cross-sectional study during the period of October 2013 to July 2014. Detail ante-mortem, and post-mortem (PM) lesions were inspected, and the suspected samples were collected aseptically from the lungs. Among 2400 goats, 31(1.29%) goats were not slaughtered because these goats showed severe clinical signs. Thus, 2369 goats were slaughtered finally. The collected samples were subjected for isolation and identification of bacterial species following conventional methods such as culture and biochemical examinations. Results: Out of 2400 goats examined, 960(40%) animals showed different abnormal respiratory signs. Based on PM findings, 16.21% (n=384/2369) lungs were found as pneumonic, of which 78.38% (n=301/384) were found to be associated with Pasteurella organism. The overall prevalence of Pasteurella organism (Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida) was 12.71% (n=301/2369). In this study, youngers and goats with medium body condition score (BCS) had greater probability (P<0.05) to be infected by the bacteria though there was no difference in exposure to the organism among goats from Arsi, Bale and Hararghe. On the other hand, out of 301 positive cases, 274(91.03%) were caused by M. haemolytica, and 27(8.97%) were caused by P. multocida isolates. Conclusion: Pasteurella organism especially M. hemolytica is one of the most common causes of pneumonic pasteurellosis in caprine at the study area. So, chemoprophylaxis needs to be given to small ruminants prior to transportation or other stress conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pasteurella organism: Its isolation and identification from pneumonic lungs of goats in Ethiopia

et al. 2017

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“…The resulting LSR is initially seen as a blue discoloration of the skin at the site of the intradermal injection (1) that progresses to necrosis. Histologically, the reaction is characterized by necrosis, interstitial hemorrhage, and thrombosis (2).…”

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confidence: 99%

Local Shwartzman Reaction in the Rat Induced by Endotoxin and Ischemia: Potential Model for Skin Necrosis in Meningococcemia

et al. 2006

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ABSTRACT:The local Shwartzman reaction (LSR) is an inflammatory response in the skin that is considered a model for skin necrosis associated with meningococcemia. We tested the hypothesis that ischemia can act as the provocative agent to produce this response. In eight rats, bilateral inferior epigastric flaps were outlined. Within each flap, three injection sites were marked. Site 1 had 0.1 mL of endotoxin injected 24 h before surgery. The other two sites had either endotoxin or saline injected immediately before surgery. Both flaps were raised on their pedicle and one side rendered ischemic for 6 h and then reperfused. Animals were killed either 30 min or 48 h later and the tissue from each site examined. After 48 h of reperfusion, necrosis was grossly visible at the site of 24-h preischemia injection of endotoxin in three of four rats. No abnormalities were present at the other injection sites. Microscopically, all 24-h-delayed injection sites showed hemorrhage into all layers of the skin after both 30 min and 48 h of reperfusion. No hemorrhage was present at the other sites. These findings may serve as a potential model for the skin necrosis seen in meningococcemia.

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“…In this study, we assess the distribution of AP expression in acute (day 1), subacute (day 15), and chronic (day 45) lesions of M. haemolytica infection in the lungs of sheep. M. haemolytica is a known inducer in respiratory epithelia of bovine ␤-defensins (lingual antimicrobial peptides and tracheal antimicrobial peptides) (21), whose presence can result in chronic, regenerative lesions in the lung characterized by hyperplasia of alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial cells (1,12,15,17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Increased Anionic Peptide Distribution and Intensity during Progression and Resolution of Bacterial Pneumonia

Fales-Williams

Gallup

Ramírez-Romero

et al. 2002

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Anionic peptides (APs) are small anionic antimicrobial peptides composed of 7 aspartic acid residues and are produced in the lungs of humans, sheep, and cattle. Although expression by epithelial cells of some antimicrobial peptides (e.g., ␤-defensins) of humans and ruminants is increased in response to acute infection, AP expression is not increased during acute infection, which suggests that the expression of the latter peptide is constitutive. In this study, the degree of AP expression during the progression (acute, subacute, and chronic) of bronchopneumonia was determined. Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica, a known inducer of bovine ␤-defensins, was inoculated intrabronchially with a fiber-optic bronchoscope in nine 3-month-old sheep, and tissues were collected at 1, 15, and 45 days postinoculation (p.i.); nine control animals received pyrogen-free saline by the same procedure and were killed at the same time points. In the acute group (1 day p.i.), the lungs had lesions typical of bronchopneumonia and the distribution and intensity of AP immunoreactivity (AP-IR) were similar to those of previous studies (minimal intensity and distribution of AP-IR in bronchiolar epithelial cells). In the subacute group (15 days p.i.), there was prominent hyperplasia of bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells, and the chronic group (45 days p.i.) had yet more pronounced hyperplasia. In the subacute and chronic groups, the intensity and distribution of AP-IR in the cytoplasm of hyperplastic bronchiolar and type II alveolar cells were significantly increased compared to those of saline-inoculated and contralateral (noninoculated) lung lobes. Although AP expression appears constitutive, the constitutive production of AP is higher in hyperplastic, less differentiated cells than in fully differentiated, mature cells of the respiratory airways. The increased intensity and distribution of AP-IR in immature (hyperplastic) epithelial cells may be a mechanism by which production of a noninducible antimicrobial is increased temporarily during lesion progression and repair. This increased production of AP by hyperplastic cells may protect the lung against further infection until new, fully differentiated epithelial cells are capable of expressing their own inducible array of antimicrobial peptides.

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The potential role of the Arthus and Shwartzman reactions in the pathogenesis of pneumonic pasteurellosis

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Pasteurella organism: Its isolation and identification from pneumonic lungs of goats in Ethiopia

Pasteurella organism: Its isolation and identification from pneumonic lungs of goats in Ethiopia

Local Shwartzman Reaction in the Rat Induced by Endotoxin and Ischemia: Potential Model for Skin Necrosis in Meningococcemia

Increased Anionic Peptide Distribution and Intensity during Progression and Resolution of Bacterial Pneumonia

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