The Potential of Open Space for Enhancing Urban Seismic Resilience: A literature Review

Abstract

For a city to perform successfully, and its citizens to feel safe and comfortable, the health of basic urban components and the overall resilience of the urban system is crucial. As the importance of the resilient urban system has been recognized in the scientific literature, many studies have been done on this topic. Therefore, to find out the gaps in the existing literature and the opportunities for further research, a new systematic literature review has been performed in three stages. Different bibliographic techniques (co-occurrence and co-citation analysis) have been applied and, in the final stage of the analysis, an in-depth study of the content of the selected papers addressing open space in relation to urban seismic resilience has been carried out. The obtained results and trends have shown a lack of research on the potential of open space for enhancing urban seismic resilience, as well as a challenge for its quantitative assessment. The ability of the affected resilient system is to achieve at least a pre-disaster performance level in an acceptable time, which can be gained, among others, by using the restorative potential of open space. Based on the synthesis of these findings the authors' draft model of an urban system integrating the potential of open space is presented in terms of a complex network theory.

Study on Dynamic Structure-Soil-Structure Interaction of Three Adjacent Tall Buildings Subjected to Seismic Loading

“…According to Equation (1), when P represents the peak floor acceleration, the peak story displacements or the peak inter-story shear force, JA, JD, and JF are obtained, as shown in Equation 3to Equation (5).…”

“…In dense urban environments, seismic design complications arise from the interaction between adjacent structures [4]. Although the incidence of earthquakes is far lower than some other natural disasters, the consequences of earthquakes may be more catastrophic in terms of death, other victims, and economic losses [5]. As the population grows, tall buildings become denser and denser in some large cities.…”

El rol del espacio público en el desarrollo urbano resiliente desde una perspectiva de la niñez: el caso de los cerros de Valparaíso, Chile

“…Desde un principio, los esfuerzos para aumentar la resiliencia de las ciudades se basaron en factores económicos, políticos, sociológicos, o visiones culturales (Montejano y Moreno, 2016). Sin embargo, en los últimos tiempos, el espacio público se ha incorporado como un sistema capaz de reducir y mitigar riesgos, pudiendo a la vez contribuir al proceso de recuperación de una ciudad (Allan et al, 2013;French, Birchall, Landman, & Brown, 2019;Koren & Rus, 2019).…”

“…Registros históricos de eventos sísmicos en todo el mundo reafirman la importancia de estos espacios debido a su capacidad para acomodar y albergar a la población durante y después de eventos catastróficos (Godschalk, 2003;Koren & Rus, 2019). Por ejemplo, en períodos post catástrofe, estos espacios funcionan como verdaderas centrales para la gestión de actividades cotidianas como vivienda, salud, distribución de bienes y servicios, eliminación de residuos, e incluso comercio (Middleton, 2007).…”

Risk Reduction Strategies against Terrorist Acts in Urban Built Environments: Towards Sustainable and Human-Centred Challenges

“…The BE for terrorist act targets should be considered as the system of indoor (the building) and outdoor areas (the open spaces in the BE) because of their complexity in case of an attack [8]. As for other SUODs, in fact, the outdoor area (the open spaces in the BE, e.g., streets, squares) and each facing building are characterized by layout, facilities, use, occupants' presence and management strategies that interact in case of an emergency and so also alter the risk levels for their users [15][16][17].…”