The Potential of Multijunction Perovskite Solar Cells

Hörantner, Maximilian T.; Leijtens, Tomas; Ziffer, Mark E.; Eperon, Giles E.; Christoforo, M. Greyson; McGehee, Michael D.; Snaith, Henry J.

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00647

Cited by 304 publications

(345 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In addition, the higher voltage output expected from higher bandgap perovskite materials is yet to emerge. In fact, a recent study by Hörantner et al 33 simulating the energy yield of a perovskite/Si tandem has recommended the use of a slightly lower bandgap (1.65 eV) material for the 2-terminal tandem. Energy yield calculations for 3 locations (Golden, Mohave and Seattle in the US) for stationary, 1-axis and 2-axis tracking systems all concluded that the use of a 1.6 eV material as the absorber for the top cell would only reduce the annual energy yield by 2-3% from the maximum achievable.…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large area efficient interface layer free monolithic perovskite/homo-junction-silicon tandem solar cell with over 20% efficiency

Zheng

Lau

Mehrvarz

et al. 2018

Energy Environ. Sci.

196

186

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aMonolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells show great promise for further efficiency enhancement for current silicon photovoltaic technology. In general, an interface (tunnelling or recombination) layer is usually required for electrical contact between the top and the bottom cells, which incurs higher fabrication costs and parasitic absorption. Most of the monolithic perovskite/Si tandem cells demonstrated use a hetero-junction silicon (Si) solar cell as the bottom cell, on small areas only. This work is the first to successfully integrate a low temperature processed (r150 1C) planar CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite solar cell on a homo-junction silicon solar cell to achieve a monolithic tandem without the use of an additional interface layer on large areas (4 and 16 cm 2 ).Solution processed SnO 2 has been effective in providing dual functions in the monolithic tandem, serving as an ETL for the perovskite cell and as a recombination contact with the n-type silicon homo-junction solar cell that has a boron doped p-type (p++) front emitter. The SnO 2 /p++ Si interface is characterised in this work and the dominant transport mechanism is simulated using Sentaurus technology computer-aided design (TCAD) modelling. The champion device on 4 cm 2 achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.0% under reverse-scanning with a V OC of 1.68 V, a J SC of 16.1 mA cm À2 and a high FF of 78% yielding a steady-state efficiency of 20.5%. As our monolithic tandem device does not rely on the SnO 2 for lateral conduction, which is managed by the p++ emitter, up scaling to large areas becomes relatively straightforward. On a large area of 16 cm 2 , a reverse scan PCE of 17.6% and a steady-state PCE of 17.1% are achieved. To our knowledge, these are the most efficient perovskite/homo-junction-silicon tandem solar cells that are larger than 1 cm 2 . Most importantly, our results demonstrate for the first time that monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells can be achieved with excellent performance without the need for an additional interface layer. This work is relevant to the commercialisation of efficient large-area perovskite/homo-junction silicon tandem solar cells. Broader contextA simple approach for integrating a perovskite solar cell monolithically onto a Si solar cell is reported here. The first advantage of this approach is that it does not require additional fabrication of an additional interface layer between the perovskite and Si cell. The second advantage of this approach is that it is compatible with a homo-junction p-n Si solar cell, which is a common Si solar cell structure for commercial cells. The third advantage is that the entire sequence for the planar perovskite cell fabrication is done at low temperatures, minimising damage to the bottom Si solar cell. The fourth advantage is that the SnO 2 electron transport layer of the perovskite top cell also serves as a recombination contact with the silicon bottom cell. Finally, this monolithic tandem approach does not rely on the SnO 2 for lateral conducti...

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Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large area efficient interface layer free monolithic perovskite/homo-junction-silicon tandem solar cell with over 20% efficiency

Zheng

Lau

Mehrvarz

et al. 2018

Energy Environ. Sci.

196

186

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Currently, the most efficient perovskite‐based, two‐terminal tandem device architecture incorporates a silicon bottom cell with a wide bandgap perovskite top cell . While depositing perovskite thin films onto existing mass‐produced silicon PV is likely to be the quickest way to the market in the short term, multijunction all‐perovskite PV devices offer the possibility of higher efficiency and lower manufacturing costs in the long term if a number of practical hurdles can be overcome . All‐perovskite tandem PV devices also have additional advantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As light propagates through the device, layers that absorb or reflect light from the AM 1.5 filtered solar spectrum contribute to an optical electric field profile due to phase coherence . Therefore, fine tunability of the perovskite film thickness is important to maximize light absorption in the perovskite layer and ensure photocurrent is collected, hence maximizing the PCE of multijunction devices …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Absorption and Recycling in Hybrid Metal Halide Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices

Patel

Wright

Lohmann

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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The production of highly efficient single‐ and multijunction metal halide perovskite (MHP) solar cells requires careful optimization of the optical and electrical properties of these devices. Here, precise control of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite layers is demonstrated in solar cell devices through the use of dual source coevaporation. Light absorption and device performance are tracked for incorporated MHP films ranging from ≈67 nm to ≈1.4 µm thickness and transfer‐matrix optical modeling is utilized to quantify optical losses that arise from interference effects. Based on these results, a device with 19.2% steady‐state power conversion efficiency is achieved through incorporation of a perovskite film with near‐optimum predicted thickness (≈709 nm). Significantly, a clear signature of photon reabsorption is observed in perovskite films that have the same thickness (≈709 nm) as in the optimized device. Despite the positive effect of photon recycling associated with photon reabsorption, devices with thicker (>750 nm) MHP layers exhibit poor performance owing to competing nonradiative charge recombination in a “dead‐volume” of MHP. Overall, these findings demonstrate the need for fine control over MHP thickness to achieve the highest efficiency cells, and accurate consideration of photon reabsorption, optical interference, and charge transport properties.

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“…It has been demonstrated that high‐efficiency tandem devices require top subcells with a bandgap of 1.7–1.9 eV and bottom subcells with a bandgap of 0.9–1.2 eV . Based on Vos's modeling, the optimal bandgaps were calculated to be 1.9 eV/1.0 eV for a two‐gap tandem cell, in which a maximum efficiency can reach 42% under standard light intensity (1 sun).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐Terminal Perovskites Tandem Solar Cells: Recent Advances and Perspectives

Song

Chen

et al. 2019

Solar RRL

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Metal halide perovskite‐based solar cells have achieved rapidly increasing efficiencies of up to 23.7%. However, it is still far away from the Shockley–Quiesser limit of 33.16%. Tandem solar cells, consisting of two subcells with complementary absorption, are suggested as an alternative to beat this limit due to the fact that a maximum efficiency of 42% can be reached using two subcells with bandgaps of 1.9 eV/1.0 eV, opening up a great potential to develop perovskite‐based tandem solar cells. In this review, the current status of and recent advances in perovskite‐based tandem solar cells are highlighted, including perovskite–silicon, perovskite–perovskite, and perovskite–copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) integrations. Different configurations, key issues regarding the photoelectric properties, present efficiency limitations, and material design are discussed. The critical role of perovskite bandgap optimization, interface engineering, and recombination layers are also analyzed to outline the roadmaps for future investigation. The current challenging issues and future perspectives are also provided. It is hoped that the findings will provide new perspectives for perovskite‐based tandem solar cells with an unprecedented performance and the opportunity for commercialization.

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The Potential of Multijunction Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 304 publications

References 30 publications

Large area efficient interface layer free monolithic perovskite/homo-junction-silicon tandem solar cell with over 20% efficiency

Large area efficient interface layer free monolithic perovskite/homo-junction-silicon tandem solar cell with over 20% efficiency

Light Absorption and Recycling in Hybrid Metal Halide Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices

Two‐Terminal Perovskites Tandem Solar Cells: Recent Advances and Perspectives

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