The Potential of Insect Pathogenic Viruses as Pesticidal Agents

Tinsley, T. W.

doi:10.1146/annurev.en.24.010179.000431

Cited by 60 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Some references are given in the key while others will be found among the general reviews in the References. Discussions on the use of viruses for insect control have been presented by Stairs (1971), Ignoffo (1968Ignoffo ( , 1974, Bailey (1973a), and Tinsley (1978,1979. Martignoni and Iwai (1975) and Martignoni (1981) have compiled a useful computer-based catalog of viral diseases of insects an mites.…”

Section: Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Guide to Insect Pathogens and Parasites

Poinar¹,

Thomas²

1984

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Dedicated to the memory of ROBERT VAN DEN BOSCH, for his interest, encouragement, and tenacity in promoting biological pest control A. Dark red color of a larva of the wax moth, Gal/eria mel/onel/a, infected with Heterorhabditis nematodes. The color is produced by the bacterium Xenorhabdus /uminescens, which is symbiotically associated with nematodes of the genus Heterorhabditis. Another insect pathogen that produces a red color in the host is the bacterium Serratia marcescens.

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Section: Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Guide to Insect Pathogens and Parasites

Poinar¹,

Thomas²

1984

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“…Interest in insect pathogenic fungi such as the ascomycete Metarhizium robertsii has been increasing because of their promising mycoinsecticide characteristics that could be used to control different insect pests (de Faria and Wraight, 2007;Wang and Feng, 2014). Unlike entomopathogenic bacteria and viruses that infect insects through ingestion (Tinsley, 1979), pathogenic fungi kill insects by direct penetration of insect cuticles (St Leger and Wang, 2010). This process requires differential expression of hundreds of genes, including those regulating cell differentiation, cuticle degradation and nutrient stress responses (Wang and St Leger, 2007;Gao et al, 2013;Ortiz-Urquiza and Keyhani, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MrpacC regulates sporulation, insect cuticle penetration and immune evasion in Metarhizium robertsii

Huang

Shang

Chen

et al. 2014

Environmental Microbiology

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pH-responsive transcription factor of the PacC/Rim101 family governs adaptation to environment, development and virulence in many fungal pathogens. In this study, we report the functions of a PacC homologue, MrpacC, in an insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii. The gene was highly transcribed in the fungus in alkaline conditions, and deletion of MrpacC impaired fungal responses to ambient pH and salt/metal challenges but not osmotic stress. We found that MrpacC is required for fungal full virulence by contributing to penetration of insect cuticles, mycosis of insect cadavers and evasion of host immunity. In MrpacC deletion strains, the chitinase but not protease activity was reduced, which was consistent with the downregulation of groups A and C chitinase genes. Further, the glucosyltransferase genes involved in cell wall remodelling and protein glycosylation were upregulated in ΔMrpacC. MrpacC transcriptional control of chitinase and glucosyltransferase genes was verified both by the presence of PacC consensus binding motif in gene promoter regions and the promoter DNA-binding assays. The results of this study not only advances the understanding of PacC function in fungal development and virulence, but will also facilitate future studies on the mechanism(s) behind the selective control of target genes by PacC.

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“…Baculoviruses have a potential role in the selective control of insect pests (particularly amongst the Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera) where it is desirable to reduce pesticide application and preserve beneficial arthropods (Tinsley, 1979;Payne, 1982). However, within many crop eco-systems, such viruses may prove too host-specific if other important pest species are unaffected (Payne, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host range and virulence of five baculoviruses from lepidopterous hosts

Allaway

Payne²

1984

Annals of Applied Biology

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S U M M A R YThe host range and virulence of five insect baculoviruses (two multiply-enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (MNPVs) from Agrotis segetum and Mamestra brassicae; one singly-enveloped NPV from Plusia gamma and two granulosis viruses (GVs) from A . segetum and Pieris brassicae) were studied for seven lepidopterous pests of temperate agriculture ( A . segetum, Agrotis exclamationis, Lacanobia oleracea, M. brassicae, Noctua pronuba, P. gamma and Pieris rapae).None of the viruses killed all species but M. brassicae MNPV failed to infect only P. rapae. The other viruses were restricted to the homologous host, or members of its genus or subfamily. In all examples except A . segetum GV, the median lethal dose for the most susceptible host, was less than 22 virus inclusion bodies and median lethal times for all infections ranged from 5 . 5 to 16.6 days. The low susceptibility of A . segetum and other noctuids to GV infections is discussed in relation to the structure of inclusion bodies and the nature of the infectious unit in baculoviruses. A l B 3V6 0 1984 Association of Applied Biologists 30 G . P . A L L A W A Y A N D C . C . PAY"! structural types of occluded baculoviruses, for larvae of seven lepidopterous pest species; the noctuid moths Agrotis segetum, A . exclamationis, Lacanobia oleracea, Mamestra brassicae, Noctua pronuba, Plusia (= Autographa) gamma, and the pierid butterfly Pieris rapae. These insects are all pests of temperate agriculture with overlapping geographical and ecological ranges and could therefore be exposed, in nature, to the same virus infections. The species also exhibit a range of taxonomic relationships from intrageneric to interfamilial. The five viruses chosen include examples of the three main occluded baculovirus structural forms (MNPV, SNPV, GV). All the viruses were isolated from one or another of the host species tested in this study, except P. brassirae GV. This is one of a complex of related GVs, all of which are more infective for P. rapae than P. brassicae (Crook, 1 9 8 1~) . P. rapae, the species used in this study, is probably a frequent natural host for the GV.The comparative virulence of the viruses in homologous and alternative hosts was examined bq measuring their median lethal doses (LDsos) and median lethal times (LTsos) in neonate larvae. Neonate larvae are generally more susceptible to viruses than older larvae (Evans, 198 1 : Payne, Tatchell & Williams, 1981) and may, therefore, be particularly important for initiating viral infections within larval populations. This larval stage is ideal for comparing the susceptibility of different species since large numbers of larvae can be readily obtained at the same stage of development. Restriction enzyme analysis of viral DNA was used for virus identification in cross-transmission tests. EcoRI, a restriction enzyme isolated from the bacterium E.ccherichia coli (Nathans & Smith, 1975), was used to digest purified viral DNA and I ) h A fragment profiles are presented of those virus isolates ( A . segetum GV, P. g...

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The Potential of Insect Pathogenic Viruses as Pesticidal Agents

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

Laboratory Guide to Insect Pathogens and Parasites

Laboratory Guide to Insect Pathogens and Parasites

MrpacC regulates sporulation, insect cuticle penetration and immune evasion in Metarhizium robertsii

Host range and virulence of five baculoviruses from lepidopterous hosts

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