The potential of heat release rate and cylinder pressure feedback control for conventional and premixed charge compression ignition combustion

Hänggi, Severin; Moretto, Giordano; Albin, Thivaharan; Onder, Christopher H.

doi:10.1177/1468087420948314

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This can result in increased combustion noise or even high mechanical stress for the engine. Uncontrolled combustion can also lead to increased nitric oxides emissions and reduced indicated engine efficiency as confirmed in the work carried out by Hänggi et al, 30 where the relevance of cylinder pressure-based feedback control is investigated on engine emission parameters. Therefore, it’s important to have a robust feedback control such that the potential of the developed control concept can be realized.…”

Section: Combustion Rate Shapingmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The IMEP is a direct measure of engine load, the combustion gradient, that is the rate of combustion, is a measure of combustion induced engine noise and correlates with nitric oxide emissions and the combustion phasing influences the indicated engine efficiency. 20,30,31 The challenge is to realize the feedback control action based on the identified feedback parameters. Simulative investigation results show that this control action can be realized by correcting the FMC trace.…”

Section: Feedback Control Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combustion rate shaping for flex-fuel applications

Srivastava

Schaub

Pischinger

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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Compliance with future greenhouse gas (GHG) and pollutant emissions poses major challenges for the further development of advanced internal combustion engines for light and heavy-duty applications. To meet all standards, the use of synthetic fuels and/or E-Fuels is an important alternative due to their enormous potential in terms of energy density, sustainability and low pollution combustion. However, the increased fuel diversity associated with the use of these alternative fuels adds an additional layer of complexity to the powertrain development and calibration process, resulting in an increase in development time and cost. This necessitates the application of advanced model-based closed-loop control strategies to optimize the fuel- and air-path calibration to make best use of the properties of the different fuels. One potential solution to address the impact of flex-fuel variances on the combustion process is the Combustion Rate Shaping (CRS) concept presented in this paper. It can maintain a desired combustion trace irrespective of fuel variations, hardware drifts and other external factors, thus ensuring optimal combustion. The highest benefit of this control concept comes from its application directly on the engine control unit (ECU) in combination with an in-cylinder measurement. This enables the online real-time control of the combustion, regardless of which fuel is being used. In addition, this also enables optimization and adaption of the fuel- and air-path settings to the used fuel while driving the vehicle. However, so far, the high computational cost of this control concept limits its real-time capability. Therefore, the optimization of the control concept to achieve real-time capability is the focus of this paper. The optimized control strategy is implemented on a demonstrator engine test bench built using a Rapid Control Prototyping (RCP) system. The controller performance is demonstrated both under steady-state and transient operating conditions, and the potential of the concept is demonstrated in several cases such as engine temperature variations, injector drift, individual cylinder balancing, and fuel-variation.

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Section: Combustion Rate Shapingmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Feedback Control Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion rate shaping for flex-fuel applications

Srivastava

Schaub

Pischinger

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…A similar study is documented in Eriksson and Sivertsson, 20 which was later extended by the inclusion of a pseudo two-zone NOx (nitrogen oxides) model. 21 The experimental analysis of Hänggi et al 22 verifies that the thermal efficiency and NOx emissions correlate well with the cylinder pressure trace for DI CI engines. By limiting the engine-out NOx emissions, Pareto-optimal solution are found for the efficiency-NOx trade-off.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Optimal combustion calibration for direct-injection compression-ignition engines using multiple injections

Moretto

Hänggi

Onder

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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Multiple injections are widely used for direct-injection compression-ignition engines to mainly increase efficiency, lower pollutant emissions, and increase exhaust enthalpy. However, with each additional injection the degrees of freedom increase, which makes finding an optimal injection input by design of experiments a time-consuming task. In this paper, we present a model-based calibration method that determines the number of injections for a predefined set of requirements. First, we derive a zero-dimensional crank-angle-resolved cylinder process model based on first principles. The model includes a fuel injector and requires a low calibration effort. Second, we use this model in an optimal control problem that minimizes the fuel consumption subject to several constraints such as load, maximal pressure, maximal pressure gradient, engine-out temperature, and the limitations of the fuel injector. The optimal injector inputs are used as feedforward control signals on a real engine to validate the simulative results. In general, the experimental results are in good agreement with those obtained in simulations. Finally, we compare our approach to a state-of-the-art method known as pressure reference tracking which consists of two separate steps: the creation of an optimal pressure reference and the tracking by a discrete injector. We show that our method, which combines these two steps in a single optimization problem, results in an increase in indicated efficiency compared to the solution obtained by pressure reference tracking.

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“…Injection shaping 23‐27 has been dramatically evolved as a means to shape the heat release rate profile and deliver the best fuel economy within constraints of in‐cylinder pollution formation and NVH criteria, such as peak pressure and gradient of pressure build‐up. With up to 10 injection events per cycle, fuel energy use is delivered within NVH, pollution formation, and fuel efficiency constraints, at power densities up to 100 kW/L in passenger car applications.…”

Section: Current Capabilities and Future Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injection rate shaping in diesel engines key of improved volumetric energy storage

Boretti

2021

Energy Storage

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Thanks to injection rate shaping enabled by high pressure, fast actuating, high atomization injectors, diesel engines can deliver fuel energy conversion efficiencies chemical to mechanical above 52%, with power densities up to 130 kW/L while satisfying peak pressure and gradient of pressure build‐up constraints. Despite further research for improving diesel engines and diesel engine vehicles have practically stopped with diesel gate, there are significant margins of further improvements of what is still the best option for the economy and the environment of onboard energy storage. Mechanical energy can be stored onboard, at about ~18.8 to 19.1 MJ/L and ~5.2 to 5.3 kWh/L, or ~22.2 to 22.6 MJ/kg and ~6.1 to 6.3 kWh/kg. This is much more than Li‐ion batteries at less than 0.100 to 0.265 kWh/kg or 0.250 to 0.670 kWh/L.

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The potential of heat release rate and cylinder pressure feedback control for conventional and premixed charge compression ignition combustion

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Combustion rate shaping for flex-fuel applications

Combustion rate shaping for flex-fuel applications

Optimal combustion calibration for direct-injection compression-ignition engines using multiple injections

Injection rate shaping in diesel engines key of improved volumetric energy storage

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