The Potential of Drug Delivery Nanosystems for Sepsis Treatment

Abstract

Sepsis is a major immune response disorder caused by infection, with very high incidence and mortality rates. In the clinic, sepsis and its complications are mainly controlled and treated with antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant drugs. However, these treatments have some shortcomings, such as rapid metabolism and severe side effects. The emergence of drug delivery nanosystems can significantly improve tissue permeability, prolong drugs' circulation time, and reduce side effects. In this paper, we reviewed recent drug delivery nanosystems designed for sepsis treatment based on their mechanisms (anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant). Although great progress has been made recently, clinical practice transformation is still very difficult. Therefore, we also discussed key obstacles, including tissue distribution, overcoming bacterial resistance, and single treatment modes. Finally, a rigorous optimization of drug delivery nanosystems is expected to present great potential for sepsis therapy.

Peptides to Overcome the Limitations of Current Anticancer and Antimicrobial Nanotherapies

“…Furthermore, due to bacterial resistance, sepsis is even more difficult to treat and how to target the infection site and effectively treat and control sepsis is still an unresolved issue. Recently, many studies involving antibacterial drug delivery NVs, based on functional materials, have been developed [30,105,106]. The NVs may act as inert drug delivery system of drugs already in clinical use, enabling loading, stability and release of the drug.…”

“…The purpose of this review is to highlight the applications of NVs with specific reference to those made of peptides, in two main types of pathologies, cancer on one side and microbial (bacterial/viral) infections on the other side (Figure 1). Development of new therapeutic strategies that improve the quality of life of patients will be the long-term impact of these studies [30,31].…”

Fractions of Hoslundia opposita Vahl and hoslundin induced apoptosis in human cancer cells via mitochondrial-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation

“…Levels of intracellular ROS were determined using the fluorescent probe Dihydro-fluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) with some modifications [37]. Briefly, cell lines (5000 cells/well) were seeded into 96 well plates and treated after 24 h with H. opposita and hoslundin for 48 h. Control cells were incubated with 250 mM H 2 0 2 , as a positive control for 15 mins.…”

An Overview of Drug Delivery Nanosystems for Sepsis-Related Liver Injury Treatment

“…10 , 11 Second, antibiotics are the standard of clinical care for sepsis; however, the drug resistance and hepatorenal toxicity they cause cannot be ignored, and 70–80% of clinical deaths from sepsis are associated with persistent infection. 12 , 13 For example, in common neonatal infections. E. coli is resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides, Group B streptococci are resistant to penicillin, and Listeria monocytogenes is resistant to cephalosporins and vancomycin; 14 multiple drug resistance poses a great burden to the treatment of neonatal diseases.…”