An Overview of Drug Delivery Nanosystems for Sepsis-Related Liver Injury Treatment

Abstract

Sepsis, which is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection, has high morbidity and mortality. Sepsis-related liver injury is one of the manifestations of sepsis-induced multiple organ syndrome. To date, an increasing number of studies have shown that the hepatic inflammatory response, oxidative stress, microcirculation coagulation dysfunction, and bacterial translocation play extremely vital roles in the occurrence and development of sepsis-related liver injury. In the clinic, sepsis-related liver injury is mainly treated by routine empirical methods on the basis of the primary disease. However, these therapies have some shortcomings, such as serious side effects, short duration of drug effects and lack of specificity. The emergence of drug delivery nanosystems can significantly improve drug bioavailability and reduce toxic side effects. In this paper, we reviewed drug delivery nanosystems designed for the treatment of sepsis-related liver injury according to their mechanisms (hepatic inflammation response, oxidative stress, coagulation dysfunction in the microcirculation, and bacterial translocation). Although much promising progress has been achieved, translation into clinical practice is still difficult. To this end, we also discussed the key issues currently facing this field, including immune system rejection and single treatment modalities. Finally, with the rigorous optimization of nanotechnology and the deepening of research, drug delivery nanosystems have great potential for the treatment of sepsis-related liver injury.

Carbon Dot-Loaded Apoptotic Vesicles Improve the Liver Kupffer Cell-Mediated Antibacterial Effect to Synergistically Alleviate Sepsis

“…Furthermore, the CFU assays of liver bacteria showed that Cu-CD treatment had limited efficacy in suppressing the invaded bacteria in the livers of septic mice (Figure 2K). Since the efficacy of nanodrug therapy heavily depends on their biodistribution, 38 we investigated whether systemic-infused Cu-CDs could target the livers of septic mice. Immunofluorescence images demonstrated that only a few Cu-CDs were enriched in the livers of septic mice (Figure 2L), which may explain their limited antibacterial ability in vivo.…”

“…It is also restricted by several other factors, including the in vivo biodistribution of the nanodrugs and the host response to infection. 12,16,38,39 During the septic process, the liver is usually the first-attack solid organ. Within 6 h of intravenous injection in mice, over 80% of bacteria are trapped in the liver and eliminated.…”

Quantum chemical simulation of the interaction of epirubicin with a fullerene and a carbon graphene-like plane

“…Однак лікарські речовини, іммобілізовані на поверхні нанорозмірних носіїв для адресної доставки ліків до цільових органів або тканин-мішеней, дозволяють створити оптимальну концентрацію лікарської речовини в зоні реалізації терапевтичного ефекту [10,11]. Це істотно зменшує системну токсичність за рахунок зниження загальної дози і більш тривалого утримання діючої речовини в осередку ураження.…”

LncRNA SNHG11 induces ferroptosis in liver injury cells through miR-324-3p/GPX4 axis-mediated sepsis

“…The liver is the largest organ in the viscera of the human body which plays a vital role in various physiological processes such as metabolism and immune homeostasis, it is also the organ most susceptible to sepsis (7), liver injury may occur at any stage of sepsis. During the development of sepsis, the liver can be injured by various pathogens (e.g.…”

“…During the development of sepsis, the liver can be injured by various pathogens (e.g. bacteria or viruses), toxins, or some inflammatory mediators, liver injury generally progresses from active hepatocyte dysfunction to liver injury, and may eventually develop into liver failure (7). Among patients with sepsis, the incidence of sepsis-induced liver dysfunction ranges from 34% to 46%, of which liver failure ranges from 1.3% to 22% (9)(10)(11)(12).…”