The potential of a solid-state fermentation supplement to augment white lupin (Lupinus albus) meal incorporation in diets for farmed common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Valorization of Brewer’s Spent Grain Using Biological Treatments and its Application in Feeds for European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

“… Magalhães et al (2016) observed an increase in feed utilization in white seabream ( Diplodus sargus ) fed with a diet supplemented with commercial nonstarch carbohydrases. Other studies also included enzymes obtained by the SSF in plant feedstuff-rich diets with positive results regarding nutrient utilization and growth performance in Nile tilapia ( Novelli et al, 2017 ; Bowyer et al, 2020 ) and common carp ( Anwar et al, 2020 ). In addition to the direct action upon the NSPs, dietary carbohydrase supplementation may also reduce digestive viscosity and, concomitantly, favor the access and time of action of the endogenous fish enzymes, increasing feed and protein utilization (revised by Castillo & Gatlin, 2015 ).…”

“…A commercial enzymatic mixture obtained from the SSF with A. niger (Synergen™, Alltech, United States) significantly improved feed utilization and growth of Nile tilapia ( Bowyer et al, 2020 ). Including 0.1% Synergen™ in diets with white lupin meal enhanced the growth and feed efficiency of common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) ( Anwar et al, 2020 ). These enzymatic supplements have shown to be highly efficient in improving fish feed utilization with high environmental and economic relevance for the long-term sustainability of aquaculture and marine ecosystems.…”

A Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) supplement improved performance, digestive function and gut ultrastructure of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed plant protein diets containing yellow lupin meal

“…The inclusion of a commercial SSF, solid state fermentation product (SYN) in yellow lupin-based diets for rainbow trout returned clear evidence of performance enhancement at 12.5 °C within this investigation; however, this was only apparent following an inclusion rate of 0.5 %, with the 0.1 % inclusion returning negligible effects. Previously, the 0.1 % inclusion was deemed effective in lupin-based diets for warm water species such as Nile tilapia (Bowyer et al 2020) and also for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) Anwar et al (2020) but it is evident that functionality of SYN was less efficient at this level within a typical salmonid species, in this case rainbow trout. Lower rearing temperature will inevitably lead to a reduction in the activation energy available for bioactive components to work effectively under in vivo conditions.…”

Effect of replacing dietary soybean meal with pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) seed cake on growth, feed utilization, haematological parameters and fatty acid composition of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio)

“…In addition, because of numerous antinutritional factors (ANFs), the use of SBM in aquafeed has undesirable effects on the liver, intestinal villi structure, digestive enzymes and gut microbiota of carnivorous and omnivorous fish species (Aydın & Gümüş, 2020; Gatlin et al, 2007; Mohammadi et al, 2020; Urán et al, 2008; Wang et al, 2017). Pretreatment methods such as dehulling, germination, roasting, soaking, micronization, extrusion, heat, enzymatic and fermentative treatments can reduce ANF presence and improve plant protein digestibility and utilization by farmed fish (Anwar et al, 2020; Hassaan et al, 2015; Krogdahl et al, 2020; Kumar et al, 2020; Xie et al, 2021). Nonetheless, alternative feed ingredients must be identified, and the formulation of fish feed with non‐traditional, plant‐based feed ingredients has gained momentum in recent years to reduce feed costs and address environmental concerns (Ayyat et al, 2021; Faheem et al, 2020).…”