The potential health risks of short-chain chlorinated paraffin: A mini-review from a toxicological perspective

Biomonitoring, exposure routes and risk assessment of chlorinated paraffins in humans: a mini-review

“…All 21 studies summarized in this review reported high detection rates for SCCPs and 18 of them reported detectable MCCPs, while only three of them provided data on LCCPs (Table 1). A recently published study reviewed the evidence of human SCCP exposure, 1 but data on MCCPs and LCCPs were not included. The SCCPs were restricted by the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants, which stimulated the usage of MCCPs as a replacement.…”

“…1,65 It is defined as the ratio of the NOAEL or benchmark dose lower confidence limit 10 (BMDL 10 ) to estimated daily intake (EDI). 1,65 An MOE higher than 1000 indicated no health concern. 1,66…”

“…28 CPs were ubiquitously detected in various foodstuffs and considered accumulated in animal-sourced foods due to the high lipophilicity and persistence of CPs. 1,26,67 The calculation equation for the EDI of CPs via dietary intake was listed in ESI Table S2 † 34,65.…”

“…3 Since SCCPs were included in Annex A of the Stockholm Convention in 2017, 4 the production of SCCPs was prohibited or restricted in many developed countries in Europe and North America. 1 Increased use of alternatives such as MCCPs and LCCPs was observed. 3,5…”

“…Although recently published studies have reviewed the environment occurrence and toxicity of SCCPs, 1 the potential risk assessment of MCCPs and LCCPs is not included. As a previous study indicated that the production and emissions of MCCPs had exceeded those of the SCCPs, especially after the restriction of SCCPs, the exposure and risk of MCCPs and LCCPs should not be neglected.…”