The potential for improvements in energy efficiency and CO2 emissions in the EU27 iron and steel industry under different payback periods

Moya, José Antonio; Pardo, Nicolás

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.02.028

Cited by 123 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Literature on heat recovery for steelmaking processes [31] suggests direct use of heat, e.g. via district heating systems, as a first option.…”

Section: Waste Heat Recovery Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If a direct use of waste heat is not feasible, power generation is considered as an energy conversion option to exploit waste heat. In particular, for low grade waste heat available from heat sources at temperature higher than 80° C, including cooling water from EAF and heating furnaces, Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) are identified by [31] as the most economically attractive conversion technology, also because of their commercial readiness [48]. Although the efficiency of ORCs at low temperature is necessarily low, "even technologies with low conversion efficiencies can be of interest if there is no other use for the excess heat" [31].…”

Section: Waste Heat Recovery Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water-energy and GHG nexus assessment of alternative heat recovery options in industry: A case study on electric steelmaking in Europe

Santin

Saro

2017

Energy

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In the last few years, the water-energy nexus concept has emerged as a global issue in the international research community. However, studies on European countries are relatively few, and often focused on the energy sector and agriculture, even though industry dominates water use in many European countries. Cooling purposes represent the main part of industrial water demand, and waste heat recovery is perceived as a main strategy to improve industrial resource efficiency. In this paper, we consider a real case study of low-temperature waste-heat recovery in an electric steelmaking industry and evaluate the impact of feasible interventions on primary energy and water consumption, as well as on CO2 equivalent emissions. Based on a Europe wide review of energy and water prices, of energy sources and corresponding resource efficiency indicators, a Monte Carlo model was developed to undertake a generalization of the case study to the EU-15. It was found that, in spite of common intuition, solutions with the lowest primary energy demand and the lowest CO2 equivalent emissions demonstrate the greatest water footprint. This is especially the case of southern European countries, where heat recovery projects with the highest water intensity are economically feasible due to high electricity and low water prices. As increasing carbon prices may exacerbate this phenomenon, inducing a switch to more water intensive technologies, policy instruments for supporting industrial energy efficiency or carbon emission reduction should be carefully designed.

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“…Literature on heat recovery for steelmaking processes [31] suggests direct use of heat, e.g. via district heating systems, as a first option.…”

Section: Waste Heat Recovery Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Waste Heat Recovery Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-energy and GHG nexus assessment of alternative heat recovery options in industry: A case study on electric steelmaking in Europe

Santin

Saro

2017

Energy

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“…Research and innovation are key drivers to realize this transition [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Studies on power technologies and technological innovation as a means to achieve a more efficient energy-intensive industry, with reduced CO 2 emissions are reported in the literature [7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model Predictive Control of the Exit Part Temperature for an Austenitization Furnace

2016

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Quench hardening is the process of strengthening and hardening ferrous metals and alloys by heating the material to a specific temperature to form austenite (austenitization), followed by rapid cooling (quenching) in water, brine or oil to introduce a hardened phase called martensite. The material is then often tempered to increase toughness, as it may decrease from the quench hardening process. The austenitization process is highly energy-intensive and many of the industrial austenitization furnaces were built and equipped prior to the advent of advanced control strategies and thus use large, sub-optimal amounts of energy. The model computes the energy usage of the furnace and the part temperature profile as a function of time and position within the furnace under temperature feedback control. In this paper, the aforementioned model is used to simulate the furnace for a batch of forty parts under heuristic temperature set points suggested by the operators of the plant. A model predictive control (MPC) system is then developed and deployed to control the the part temperature at the furnace exit thereby preventing the parts from overheating. An energy efficiency gain of 5.3% was obtained under model predictive control compared to operation under heuristic temperature set points tracked by a regulatory control layer.

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“…In recent years, the iron and steel industry has done efforts to reduce the energy consumption and to recover otherwise lost heat. Some of the technologies under research can have an important impact to the reduction of CO2 emissions in European industry, according to the bottom up model presented by Moya and Pardo (Moya and Pardo, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated and experimental results on heat recovery from hot steel beams in a cooling bed applying modified solar absorbers

Tarrés

Maas

Scholzen

et al. 2014

Journal of Cleaner Production

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In recent years, the steel industry has undertaken efforts to increase energy efficiency by reducing energy consumption and recover otherwise lost heat. About 60% of the energy consumed in a steel plant is lost in cooling beds where the hot steel beams are cooled down by natural convection and radiation. In this paper, the potential of heat recovery by radiation in a cooling bed was determined. Firstly, numerical simulations of the heat flux were done and validated with experimental measures. Secondly, a pilot test to recover the heat with modified solar absorbers was installed at the side of the cooling bed. The standard solar panels were painted with high absorption paint in the wavelength range of the hot beams. The results showed that up to 1 kW/m 2 could be recovered with a temperature of 70°C at the side of the cooling bed, with a thermal efficiency of approximately 40%. As the experimental results were promising, further research is suggested to find an adequate selective coating and glazing. This would maximize the absorption at the wavelength range of the hot beams and minimize the emissivity at operational temperature of the absorber (100°C). Additionally, it would be of interest to find the optimum position for the absorbers in the cooling bed, which maximizes the heat recovery and does not interfere in the production process.

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The potential for improvements in energy efficiency and CO2 emissions in the EU27 iron and steel industry under different payback periods

Cited by 123 publications

References 14 publications

Water-energy and GHG nexus assessment of alternative heat recovery options in industry: A case study on electric steelmaking in Europe

Water-energy and GHG nexus assessment of alternative heat recovery options in industry: A case study on electric steelmaking in Europe

Model Predictive Control of the Exit Part Temperature for an Austenitization Furnace

Simulated and experimental results on heat recovery from hot steel beams in a cooling bed applying modified solar absorbers

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