Buildings account for 40% of total energy consumption and emit 35% of the total CO2 in the EU and there is consequently an enormous energy saving potential. Therefore the EU-directive 2002/91/EU [1] requires from all EU Member States to save energy in this sector. Hence, the drive to reduce the energy consumption of buildings represents an essential component of environmental protection efforts. Furthermore, the new directive 2010/31/EU [2] requires that the Member States tighten national standards and draw up national plans to increase the number of 'nearly zero-energy buildings'. Well planned energy-saving strategies presume knowledge of specific characteristics of the current national building stock. Therefore, the implementation of process to support systematic data collection, classification and analysis of the energy consumptions of buildings will become increasingly important during the coming years. The following field survey analyzed the energy consumption of 68 school buildings in Luxembourg. A separate collation of electricity and heat energy consumptions allowed a detailed analysis of specific energy parameters. A statistical analysis and interpretation of new buildings differentiated by energy sources was completed as well as the definition of energy relevant parameters such as the energy standard, the purpose of the building or the presence of canteens.
COVER LETTER Authors for correspondences:Andreas Thewes / Stefan Maas "nearly zero-energy buildings". Well-planned energy-saving strategies presume knowledge of specific characteristics of the current national building stock. Therefore, the implementation of a process to support systematic data collection, classification and analysis of the energy consumption of buildings will become increasingly important during the coming years.In the field study described below we analyzed the energy consumption of 68 school buildings in Luxembourg. A separate collation of electricity and heat energy consumptions allowed to make a detailed analysis of specific energy parameters. Clustered according to energy sources, the new buildings were analyzed from a statistical point of view. We defined the energy relevant parameters such as energy standards, the purpose of use of the buildings or whether they had canteens.
The main objective in terms of energy efficiency of a ventilation system with heat recovery is to reduce the primary energy consumption of the building. Hence, the ratio between between saved and consumed energy should be greater than one and depends on various parameters. Fresh air supply can be decreased because of shortcuts within the system and unbalanced air flows, possibly resulting in lower heat recovery rates and unwanted ventilation losses. On the other hand, the energy consumption is often increased due to inefficient fan components or high pressure drops of inadequate components or design. These parameters among others were measured at 20 centralized and 10 to 67 (depending on the measured parameter) decentralized devices in field tests, with the goal of providing an overview of the performance of state-of-the-art ventilation systems in residential buildings. Nearly all devices showed shortcomings at one or more parameters. The values for shortcuts, heat recovery rates, sensitivity to pressure differences between in and outside and specific fan power in most cases differed from values provided by the manufacturers.
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