The potential effects of deploying SARS-Cov-2 vaccines on cold storage capacity and immunization workload in countries of the WHO African Region

Ortiz, Justin R.; Robertson, Joanie; Hsu, Jui-Shan; Yu, Stephen; Driscoll, Amanda J.; Williams, Sarah R.; Chen, Wilbur H.; Fitzpatrick, Meagan C.; Sow, Samba O.; Biellik, Robin; Neuzil, Kathleen M.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.037

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In general, packaging at the producer level is divided into 3, namely primary, secondary, and tertiary ( Ortiz et al, 2020 , Ramakanth et al, 2021 ). Manufacturers produce vaccines and diluents for reconstituted products in primary packaging, which are then stored in secondary containers in the form of cartons ( Vaccine Presentation and Packaging Advisory Group, 2015 , WHO et al, 2017 , Taneja et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Storage Specification Standard Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 . Furthermore, the secondary packaging is repackaged in a larger carton known as a “tertiary carton” ( Ortiz et al, 2020 , Vaccine Presentation and Packaging Advisory Group, 2015 , Taneja et al, 2018 ) (see Fig. 3 ).…”

Section: Storage Specification Standard Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, distribution in each country is carried out in 3 levels ( Yauba et al, 2017 , Ortiz et al, 2020 , Vaccine Presentation and Packaging Advisory Group, 2015 ). At the first level (national), the vaccine is packaged in a tertiary container, opened, and spilled at the second.…”

Section: Storage Specification Standard Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaccine cold chain management and cold storage technology to address the challenges of vaccination programs

et al. 2022

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The outbreaks of infectious diseases that spread across countries have generally existed for centuries. An example is the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, which led to the loss of lives and economic depreciation. One of the essential ways of handling the spread of viruses is the discovery and administration of vaccines. However, the major challenges of vaccination programs are associated with the vaccine cold chain management and cold storage facilities. This paper discusses how vaccine cold chain management and cold storage technology can address the challenges of vaccination programs. Specifically, it examines different systems for preserving vaccines in either liquid or frozen form to help ensure that they are not damaged during distribution from manufacturing facilities. Furthermore, A vaccine is likely to provide very low efficacy when it is not properly stored. According to preliminary studies, the inability to store vaccine properly is partly due to the incompetency of many stakeholders, especially in technical matters. The novelty of this study is to thoroughly explore cold storage technology for a faster and more comprehensive vaccine distribution hence it is expected to be one of the reference and inspiration for stakeholders.

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Section: Storage Specification Standard Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Storage Specification Standard Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaccine cold chain management and cold storage technology to address the challenges of vaccination programs

et al. 2022

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“…The most significant difference between the vaccine supply chain and transportation of other goods lies in the cold chain logistics requirements [ 93 ]. The transportation and storage of inactivated vaccines, such as the Sinovac vaccine and Sinopharm’s COVID-19 vaccine need to be carried out at 2°C to 8°C, with a complete industrial chain and mature technology [ 94 ]. However, Pfizer/BioNTech’s BNT162b2 and Moderna mRNA-1273 require temperatures of −80°C and −20°C, respectively.…”

Section: Challenges Of Covid-19 Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) are essential indicators to evaluate vaccine safety [ 99 ]. A recent review conducted in Africa compared the AEFI of nine vaccines and found that the BCG vaccine was generally well-tolerated in neonates [ 94 ], suggesting that its safety is reliable [ 100 ]. In addition, studies have found that BCG vaccination of pregnant women had no obvious effect on the fetus, indicating that BCG vaccination is also safe for pregnant women [ 101 , 102 ].…”

Section: Opportunities Of Bcg Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 pandemic: SARS-CoV-2 specific vaccines and challenges, protection via BCG trained immunity, and clinical trials

Gong

Aspatwar

Wang

et al. 2021

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Introduction : The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to spread worldwide and vaccination remains the most effective approach to control COVID-19. Currently, at least ten COVID-19 vaccines have been authorized under emergency authorization. However, these vaccines still face many challenges. Areas covered : This study reviews the concept and mechanisms of trained immunity induced by the Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) vaccine and identifies questions that should be answered before the BCG vaccine could be used to combat COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, we present for the first time the details of current BCG vaccine clinical trials, which are underway in various countries, to assess its effectiveness in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we discuss the challenges of COVID-19 vaccines and opportunities for the BCG vaccine. The literature was found by searching the PubMed ( https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ ), Web of Science ( https://www.webofknowledge.com ), Embase ( https://www.embase.com ), and CNKI ( https://www.cnki.net/ ) databases. The date was set as the default parameter for each database. Expert opinion : The advantages of the BCG vaccine can compensate for the shortcomings of other COVID-19 vaccines. If the efficacy of the BCG vaccine against COVID-19 is confirmed by these clinical trials, the BCG vaccine may be essential to resolve the challenges faced by COVID-19 vaccines.

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Capillary-Mediated Vitrification: A Novel Approach for Improving Thermal Stability of Enzymes and Proteins

Shank-Retzlaff¹,

Taverner²,

Joshi³

et al. 2022

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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The potential effects of deploying SARS-Cov-2 vaccines on cold storage capacity and immunization workload in countries of the WHO African Region

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Vaccine cold chain management and cold storage technology to address the challenges of vaccination programs

Vaccine cold chain management and cold storage technology to address the challenges of vaccination programs

COVID-19 pandemic: SARS-CoV-2 specific vaccines and challenges, protection via BCG trained immunity, and clinical trials

Capillary-Mediated Vitrification: A Novel Approach for Improving Thermal Stability of Enzymes and Proteins

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