Vaccine cold chain management and cold storage technology to address the challenges of vaccination programs

Abstract

The outbreaks of infectious diseases that spread across countries have generally existed for centuries. An example is the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, which led to the loss of lives and economic depreciation. One of the essential ways of handling the spread of viruses is the discovery and administration of vaccines. However, the major challenges of vaccination programs are associated with the vaccine cold chain management and cold storage facilities. This paper discusses how vaccine cold chain management and cold storage technology can address the challenges of vaccination programs. Specifically, it examines different systems for preserving vaccines in either liquid or frozen form to help ensure that they are not damaged during distribution from manufacturing facilities. Furthermore, A vaccine is likely to provide very low efficacy when it is not properly stored. According to preliminary studies, the inability to store vaccine properly is partly due to the incompetency of many stakeholders, especially in technical matters. The novelty of this study is to thoroughly explore cold storage technology for a faster and more comprehensive vaccine distribution hence it is expected to be one of the reference and inspiration for stakeholders.

Effectiveness and profitability of preventive veterinary interventions in controlling infectious diseases of ruminant livestock in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review

“…For example, reasons for vaccination failures in this review were: potentially low vaccine efficacy due to over-attenuation [104] or pathogen resistance over time [47], loss of vaccine potency under unfavorable field conditions like adverse weather events [47,50] and cold chain failure [58], and potential mismatch of circulating pathogen strain and the vaccines in use [60,61,65,84,86]. These setbacks are due mainly to poor handling of vaccines in the field [131], thus emphasizing the importance of the vehicle of vaccination delivery in the disease control strategy. More field evaluations of vaccine effectiveness in controlling livestock diseases under natural conditions are also needed.…”

Vaccination process evaluation at COVID-19 vaccination centers in Lebanon: a national study

“…When the management of cold chain fails, the effectiveness of vaccines is affected. Therefore, the success of vaccination programs depends not only on the percentages of vaccine efficacy but also on avoiding the break of the cold chain throughout the immunization process [ 36 – 38 ].…”

The social function of intellectual property and government intervention in mitigating the pandemic: A perspective from Indonesia

“…As we know, vaccines are biological materials that easily damaged, so they must be stored at a certain temperature in a cold supply chain. 95 Pfizer-BioNtech vaccine required the internal temperature to be stabilized between −90°C and −60°C. Moderna and Janssen vaccine required internal temperature of the unit to stabilize at −25°C to -15°C.…”