The Potential Benefit of Monitoring Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

Abstract

The significant increase in worldwide morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) indicates that the efficacy of existing strategies addressing this crisis may need improvement. Early identification of the metabolic irregularities associated with the disease process may be a key to developing early intervention strategies. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviours are well established drivers of the development of several NCDs, but the impact of such behaviours on health can vary considerably between individuals. How can it be determined if an individual’s unique set of lifestyle behaviours is producing disease? Accumulating evidence suggests that lifestyle-associated activation of oxidative and inflammatory processes is primary driver of the cell and tissue damage which underpins the development of NCDs. However, the benefit of monitoring subclinical inflammation and oxidative activity has not yet been established. After reviewing relevant studies in this context, we suggest that quantification of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers during the disease-free prodromal stage of NCD development may have clinical relevance as a timely indicator of the presence of subclinical metabolic changes, in the individual, portending the development of disease. Monitoring markers of oxidative and inflammatory activity may therefore enable earlier and more efficient strategies to both prevent NCD development and/or monitor the effectiveness of treatment.

[Retracted] Periodontitis Exacerbates Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia through Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

“…For instance, oxidative stress may increase the production of proinflammatory cytokines thus triggering systematic inflammation [ 34 ]. Anti-inflammatory cascades are linked to decreased oxidation, both playing key roles in cellular and tissue damage, influencing the development of multiple age-related diseases [ 35 , 36 ]. Inflammation and oxidative stress significantly contribute to prostatic remodeling.…”

Oxidative Dysregulation in Early Life Stress and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Comprehensive Review

“…Additional factors possibly explaining the heterogeneity of the trauma-related OXS findings may relate to the differential type, intensity (i.e., including individual subjective appraisal), chronicity, frequency, time since exposure, and developmental timing of the traumatic stress exposure, possibly affecting consequent oxidative mechanisms in a differential way and resulting in different redox equilibrium states [4]. Also, sociodemographic, gender-specific, and lifestyle factor variation can confound the outcome with heterogeneity [284]. Having spoken about lifestyle, researchers should be aware that patients with traumatic stress-related disorders may be more likely to engage in unhealthy diet and behaviors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and sedentary lifestyle [285,286], all of them closely linked to pro-inflammatory states and higher OXS [45,[287][288][289][290].…”

Theme Trends and Knowledge-Relationship in Lifestyle Research: A Bibliometric Analysis

“…Cluster 3 (blue) focused on prevention and initial intervention and included keywords such as intervention, primary care, and prevention. NCDs are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide [ 34 ]. WHO [ 35 ] has made the prevention of NCDs a global priority.…”

“…WHO [ 35 ] has made the prevention of NCDs a global priority. They generally have a long prodromal stage, taking many years to develop [ 34 ]. Lifestyle-related studies show that active research is being conducted as a preventive strategy that can slow down or stop the NCDs process.…”