The Potential Application of Selected Fungi Strains in Removal of Commercial Detergents and Biotechnology

Abstract

The consumption of synthetic detergents is increasing year by year due to increasing urbanization, which reflects on higher concentration of this pollutant in the environment. In order to purify wastewaters from different pollutants, the application of new technologies such as bioremediation is necessary. From the environmental point of view, it is important to identify microorganisms that are tolerant to the presence of this pollutant. This chapter presents the experimental evaluation of ability of several fungal species, isolated from municipal sewage and industrial wastewater, in removing a high detergent concentration (anionic surfactants) from the environment as well as their potential application in biotechnology. The selected fungi were cultivated in Czapek-Dox liquid medium supplemented with commercial detergent "Merix" (Henkel, Kruševac, Serbia). Changes of physicochemical and biochemical parameters such as pH, redox potential, dry weight biomass, and enzymes activities such as alkaline protease and phosphatase were evaluated during 16 days of cultivation. The obtained results could be useful in the implementation of tested fungi in bioremediation processes and in biotechnology.

Multimetal bioremediation from aqueous solution using dead biomass of Mucor sp. NRCC6 derived from detergent manufacturing effluent

“…1 e, f). In line with our results, Jakovljević and Vrvić ( 2017 ) suggested that genus Mucor were cotton candy colonies that grow rapidly at 25–30 °C, dark grayish-brown or light olive-gray aerial mycelium when grown on typical laboratory media.

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“…NRCC6 dead biomass showed the highest removal efficiency (RE) toward Pb 2+ and Zn 2+ (100%) ˃ Ni 2+ (97.39%) ˃ Mn 2+ (88.70%) ˃ Cd 2+ (78.95%) ˃ Cu 2+ (74.00%) ˃ Fe 3+ (70.22%) ˃ As 2+ (68.57%) ˃ Cr 6+ (60.00%) from industrial wastewater (Table 6 ). The perspective of filamentous fungi in removing of commercial detergent has been continuously described over the past three decades from the species of Aspergillus , Penicillium , Rhizopus , Mucor , Humicola , Thermoascus , and Thermomyces (Jakovljević and Vrvić 2017 ). In accordance with our results, Sharma et al ( 2022 ) stated that using fungi including P. chrysosporium , Phlebia brevispora , and Phlebia floridensis is a new efficient and eco-friendly method that revealed a maximum removal of 98–99% for Ni, 97–98% for Cd, and 12–98% for Pb from the industrial wastewater.…”

“…Globally, the detergent industries have been prioritized as one of the most polluting. Effluents from the manufacture of detergents contain high levels of oil and grease, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), and a large number of heavy metals that can be toxic, reactive, carcinogenic, or ignitable to the aquatic flora and fauna (Akhtar and Mannan 2020 ; Jakovljević and Vrvić 2017 ). Consequently, without appropriate treatment and management strategies, the discharge of industrial wastewaters into water bodies can lead to horrific environmental and health impacts (Chettri et al 2022 ; Mousavi and Khodadoost 2019 ).…”

Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Drechsleraspicifera Isolated from Contaminated Soil in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

“…Furthermore, the fungal dry biomass of the culture broth, post-biodegradation, was measured at the end of the 30-day incubation period [ 49 ]. The biomass was filtered by a grade 4 Whatman filter paper (Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA), washed with chloroform, then dried at 60 °C for 24 h. After cooling, the amount of dried biomass was measured by a high precision analytical scale (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MS, USA).…”