Multimetal bioremediation from aqueous solution using dead biomass of Mucor sp. NRCC6 derived from detergent manufacturing effluent

Abstract

Among ten metal-tolerant fungal isolates obtained from the microbiomes of detergent industry effluent, Mucor sp. NRCC6 showed the highest tolerance and an adaptive behavior toward the heavy metals Ni2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+. It gave the highest growth rates 0.790 ± 0.59, 0.832 ± 0.32, 0.774 ± 0.40, and 0.741 ± 1.06 mm/h along with the lowest growth inhibition 9.19, 4.37, 11.04, and 14.83% in the presence of Pb2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and Mn2+, respectively, at a concentration of 5.0 g/L. Then, Mucor sp. NRCC6 was selected as a biotrap for the removal of these heavy metals. The optimized operating conditions were detected to be pH 6.0 for Pb2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ and pH 5.5 for Ni2+ at 30 °C; agitation speed 150 rpm; contact time 30 min for Mn2+ and Ni2+, 30–60 min for Pb2+, and 90–180 min for Zn2+; NRCC6 biomass dosage 5.0 g/L for Ni2+ and Pb2+ and 10.0 g/L for Mn2+ and Zn2+; and initial concentration 12 mg/L of each ion in the multimetal aqueous solutions. Under these optimized conditions, the adsorption capacity for Pb2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ reached 98.75, 59.25, 58.33, and 50.83%. The Langmuir isotherm was the best for describing the adsorption of Zn2+ (0.970) and Mn2+ (0.977). The Freundlich isotherm significantly giving a good fit to the adsorption of Pb2+ (0.998) while the adsorption of Ni2+ onto NRCC6 biomass can follow DKR (0.998). Furthermore, the current study revealed that Mucor sp. NRCC6 fungus is a new efficient and eco-friendly method that revealed a maximum removal of 100% for Pb2+ and Zn2+ as well as 97.39, 88.70, 78.95, 74.0, 70.22, 68.57, and 60.0% for Ni2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, As2+, and Cr6+ from the industrial wastewater, respectively.

Evaluation of resistance patterns and bioremoval efficiency of hydrocarbons and heavy metals by the mycobiome of petroleum refining wastewater in Jazan with assessment of molecular typing and cytotoxicity of Scedosporium apiospermum JAZ-20

“…Amplification of ribosomal DNA was performed using puReTaq™ Ready-To-Go™ beads (GE Healthcare) with the primers of ITS1 (5′-TCCGTAGGT GAACCTGCGG-3′) and ITS4 (5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′) [ 17 ]. PCR amplification performed according to previous studies [ 4 , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] ]. PCR products tested to determine their correct length and then PCR products were purified and sequenced [ 18 ].…”

“…The fungal mycobiome in this study was characterized to the genus level using the methods outlined as described previously [ [9] , [10] , [11] , [24] , [25] , [26] ]. In accordance with our results, different fungal species were isolated from industrial wastewater including Aspergillus , Penicillium , Fusarium , Acremonium , Lecanicillium , Emmia , Curvularia and Mucor species [ 19 , 20 ]. Notably, in this study, to the best of our knowledge, environmental isolates of Scedosporium species have been discovered for the first time in industrial wastewater in Saudi Arabia.…”

“…This necessitates the exploration of novel industrial wastewater treatment technologies [ 69 ]. In this context, harnessing indigenous mycobiomes from industrial effluents and optimizing bioremoval process parameters emerge as crucial support processes for safe refinery operation [ 19 , 20 ]. Data presented in Table 8 revealed that the dead biomass of JAZ-20 exhibits superior bioremoval capacity for the nine heavy metals studied, extracted from refinery wastewater under various operational conditions.…”