The potency of gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) tuber as a functional food: Toxicity, phytochemical content and starch characters

Abstract

The research aimed to know the toxicity, phytochemical contents and starch characters of gadung tuber collected from Timor Leste, Kalimantan Tengah, and Special Region of Yogyakarta. Dry tubers were prepared for toxicity, and phytochemical contents analyses and fresh tuber were used to observe the character of gadung starch. Tubers were extracted by soxhlet apparatus using chloroform and methanol. The toxicity of gadung tuber was done using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Effect of toxicity from each extract was identified with the percentage of death larva and counted by probit analysis (LC50). Furthermore, the content of alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid of gadung tuber extract was detected using spray Reagents on Thin Layer Chromatography spots. The starch characters were observed using a microscope. The results revealed that the highest toxicity was shown by chloroform extract of gadung accession Timor Leste with the LC50 was 16.9 µg · mL -1 . Extract of three accessions contained alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids. Three accessions had same characters of starch grain, which were round shape and aggregated of each grain. Among the three accessions, Yogyakarta accession presented the biggest size of starch diameters and more number of aggregate in each parenchyma cell.

Pharmacological Activities of Dioscorea spp.: A Narrative Review

“…Moreover, the water content of D. hispida sample was in the range of 7.96% to 37.8%, the lowest among the yam species such as D. bulbifera (69.5%) and D. versicolor (80.2%) (Harijono et al, 2013;Saleha et al, 2018). However, the nutritional compositions may differ when affected by factors such as soil conditions, pH, organic matter, climate, and postharvest handling and storage (Behera et al, 2010;Nugroho & Estyaniyana, 2018).…”

“…Kamaruddin et al (2020) suggested that the usage of sodium chloride solution helped in removing the toxin alkaloid in D. hispida tuber in a shorter period to avoid food poisoning. However, dioscorine tuber contents may be varied as it can be affected by various factors including environmental conditions and genetic factors (Nugroho & Estyaniyana, 2018). Plants containing alkaloids were widely used in both traditional and modern medical practices.…”

Toxicological Evaluations of Smilax Myosotiflora Methanol Extract and its Effect to Testosterone Level of Male in Subacute Study

“…BSLT is one of the effective in vitro assays to evaluate the cytotoxicity substance using a biological model, Artemia salina. The assay was conducted according to Laurentius et al (2018) with slight modifications. Briefly, the cysts were initially hatched in the artificial seawater for 48 hours.…”

EKSTRAKSI BERBANTU ULTRASONIK DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK UMBI GADUNG (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) SECARA IN VITRO

“…Di beberapa daerah di Indonesia termasuk di Provinsi Jawa Barat, umbi gadung sering diolah menjadi berbagai makanan. 1 Namun umbi gadung mempunyai kandungan alkaloid beracun bernama senyawa diocscorin dan kadar HCN tinggi yang dapat mengakibatkan mual, muntah dan pusing jika dikonsumsi secara langsung atau jika penanganannya tidak tepat. Hal ini menyebabkan umbi gadung kurang diminati.…”

“…Ekstrak cair yang diperoleh kemudian disaring dan filtratnya dipekatkan sehingga diperoleh ekstrak kental. Persentase rendemen dihitung dengan rumus yang terdapat pada persamaan (1).…”