<p>Inflamasi merupakan suatu respon dari tubuh terhadap adanya cedera maupun infeksi yang ditandai dengan timbulnya kemerahan, demam, bengkak, nyeri dan hilangnya fungsi. Inflamasi berkontribusi terhadap ketidakseimbangan sekresi sitokin yang akan menghambat terjadinya apoptosis pada sel kanker sehingga menyebabkan hiperproliferasi sel. Kanker payudara merupakan salah satu penyakit kanker dengan prevalensi tertinggi di urutan ke dua di dunia. Penelitian terdahulu melaporkan pemberian minyak atsiri rimpang bangle<em> </em>(<em>Zingiber purpureum </em>Roxb.) secara topikal mampu memberikan penghambatan inflamasi yang lebih tinggi daripada <em>triamcinolone</em>, namun spesifik senyawa yang berpotensinya belum diketahui. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, yakni mencari senyawa aktif hasil analisis GCMS minyak atsiri rimpang bangle yang berpotensi sebagai antiinflamasi dan antikanker payudara secara <em>in silico</em>. Metode yang digunakan berupa <em>screening</em> <em>Lipinski’s rule of Five</em>, farmakokinetika dan toksisitas senyawa hasil analisis GC-MS, serta penambatan molekul dan dinamika molekular. Hasil<em> screening</em> dan simulasi penambatan molekul menunjukkan bahwa senyawa 1,4<em>-naphthalenedione-</em>2<em>-ethyl-3-hydroxy </em>dapat berikatan dengan reseptor COX-1 (antiinflamasi), dan hERα (antikanker payudara), namun lebih selektif terhadap reseptor COX-1 dengan nilai energi bebas (ΔG) yang lebih kecil yakni sebesar -7,20 kkal/mol, dibandingkan dengan interaksinya terhadap reseptor Erα yang bernilai -6,00 kkal/mol. Hasil simulasi dinamika molekular menggunakan metode kalkulasi MM-GBSA menunjukkan bahwa kompleks (1,4<em>-naphthalenedione-</em>2<em>-ethyl-</em>3<em>-hydroxy)</em>-(COX-1) memiliki nilai ∆G<sub>TOTAL </sub>sebesar -24,22 kkal/mol. Nilai ini lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan ∆G<sub>TOTAL </sub>kompleks (1,4-<em>naphthalenedione-</em>2<em>-ethyl-</em>3<em>-hydroxy</em>)-(hErα) sebesar -8,92 kkal/mol). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat afinitas 1,4<em>-naphthalenedione-</em>2<em>-ethyl-</em>3<em>-hydroxy</em> terhadap COX-1 diprediksi lebih baik dan lebih poten sebagai antiinflamasi dibandingkan sebagai antikanker payudara.</p><p><strong><em>In Silico</em> Study of 1,4<em>-Naphthalenedione-</em>2<em>-Ethyl-</em>3<em>-Hydroxy</em> Compounds as Anti-inflamation dan Breast Anticancer</strong>. Inflammation is a response from the body to injury or infection which is characterized by redness, fever, swelling, pain, and loss of function. Inflammation contributes to the imbalance of cytokine secretion which will inhibit apoptosis in cancer cells, causing cell hyperproliferation. Breast cancer is one of the cancer diseases with the second-highest prevalence in the world. The pioneering works reported that topical application of Bangle (<em>Zingiber purpureum</em> R) was able to provide a higher inhibition of inflammation than triamcinolone, however, the specific potential of the compound was unknown. The purpose of this study is to find active compounds that have the potential to be anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer in the breast using <em>in silico</em> approach. The methods used are screening Lipinski’s Rule of Five,<em> </em>pharmacokinetics and toxicity of compounds from GC-MS analysis and molecular docking, and molecular dynamics. The screening and molecular docking simulation results showed that the compound 1,4-naphthalenedione-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy can bind to COX-1 (anti-inflammatory), and ERα (Estrogen Reseptor α), but was more selective towards COX-1 receptor with a binding affinity (ΔG) -7.20 kcal/mol, compare to its interaction with ERα which is -6.00 kcal/mol. The results of molecular dynamics simulation using the MM-GBSA calculation method show that the complex (1,4-naphthalenedione-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy)-(COX-1) has a value of ∆G<sub>TOTAL</sub> of -24.22 kcal/mol). This value is smaller than ∆G<sub>TOTAL</sub> of the complex (1,4-naphthalenedione-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy)-(hErα) of -8.92 kcal/mol. The results indicate that the affinity level of 1,4-naphthalenedione-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy to COX-1 was predicted to be better and more potent as an anti-inflammatory than as an anti-breast cancer.</p>
ABSTRAK.Umbi gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) telah diketahui memiliki senyawa fenol yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Ekstraksi senyawa fenol dari umbi gadung pada penelitian terdahulu dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol, namun belum pernah dilakukan dengan menggunakan pelarut polar lain seperti etanol dan air. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan pelarut maserasi terhadap kadar fenol total dan aktivitas antioksidan umbi gadung. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan teknik maserasi menggunakan 3 jenis pelarut polar yaitu metanol 90%, etanol 96% dan air. Analisis kadar fenol total ekstrak dilakukan dengan spektrofotometer UV-VIS berdasarkan reaksi reduksi pereaksi Folin-Ciocalteu dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH (2,. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol memiliki kadar fenol total tertinggi sebanyak 2,782 ± 0,389 g GAE/100 g dengan nilai IC50 terendah yaitu 13,399 ppm. Kadar fenol total ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak air masing-masing adalah 1,963 ± 0,134 g GAE/100 g dan 2,018 ± 0,015 g GAE/100 g, sedangkan untuk nilai IC50 untuk ekstral etanol dan ekstrak air masing-masing adalah 26,706 ppm dan 18,605 ppm. Semua ekstrak pada penelitian ini memiliki aktivitas antioksidan kategori sangat kuat dengan nilai IC50 kurang dari 50 ppm.
Sanseviera leaves (Sansevieria trifasciata P.) is a plant that contains flavonoids. Flavonoid in the health sector act as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti inflammatory and anti diabetic. The extraction method will determine the amount of substance on the plant extract. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different extraction method on total flavonoid contents of sansevieria leaves extract. The method used is an experimental by comparing meceration and soxhletation extraction method to the total flavonoid contents of sansevieria leaves extract using UV-Vis spectrophotometric. The results showed that the total flavonoid contents of the maceration extraction method was 13.934 mgQE/g or 1.39% higher than the soxhlet extraction method of 8.117 mgQE/g or 0.81%. The results of statistical tests showed that significant value of 0.001 (p<0.05), means that there is a significant effect between the contents of total flavonoids in maceration and soxhlet extraction methods.
Dioscorea hispida Dennst atau di Indonesia dikenal dengan umbi gadung diketahui mengandung senyawa aktif fenol yang dapat memberikan aktivitas antioksidan. Ekstraksi senyawa fenol dari umbi gadung masih belum banyak diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengekstraksi senyawa fenol menggunakan metode ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) dengan pelarut yang bervariasi yaitu air, etanol, dan metanol serta menguji aktivitas antioksidannya. Penentuan kandungan fenol total (TPC) ekstrak secara kuantitatif telah dilakukan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri uv-vis dengan prinsip reaksi reduksi antara Folin–Ciocalteu dengan asam galat. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak menggunakan metode peredaman 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH). Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa senyawa fenol total paling tinggi terdapat pada ekstrak metanol umbi gadung yaitu sebesar 4,467 ± 0,752 gGAE/100 g dengan aktivitas antioksidan terkuat yang dilihat dari nilai IC50-nya yaitu sebesar 4,395 μg/mL.
Hair loss is a disorder in which the amount of hair decreases or falls out more than usual without visible thinning. Hair care requires a variety of cosmetic products such as hair conditioner, cream bath and hair tonic. Hair tonic has several advantages in optimizing efforts to prevent hair loss compared to other hair treatments. Sansevieria leaves (Sansevieria trifasciata) is a plant known as an ornamental plant. Almost all parts of the sansevieria leaves can be used, but not many know that the sansevieria leaves can be used as a hair tonic to treat hair loss. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of maceration and soxhletation methods on the physical stability of hair tonic preparations of sansevieria leaves extract with varying concentrations of 1%, 3% and 6%. Evaluation of the preparation includes organoleptic, pH, specific gravity and viscosity tests. Physical stability tests were carried out at low temperatures (4oC) and high temperatures (40oC). The test results showed (p-value <0.05) there was no effect between maceration and soxhletation methods on the physical stability of the hair tonic preparation of sansevieria leaves extract. Keywords: Hair Tonic, Sansevieria Leaves, Maceration, Soxhletation, Physical Stability.
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