The postglacial history of three <i>Picea</i> species in New England, USA

Lindbladh, Matts; Jacobson, George L.; Schauffler, Molly

doi:10.1016/s0033-5894(02)00023-6

Cited by 38 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…More recently, the pollen representation of Picea shows a clear increase (10-20%) over the last 2000 years in the diagram of Heart Lake. A similar resurgence has also been observed further south in the Adirondacks in a 600 m asl Sphagnum bog (Brandreth Bog;Overpeck 1985), and in other pollen diagrams of eastern North America (Gajewski 1987;Lindbladh et al 2003). Jackson (1989) ascribed this increase to Picea rubens, because it is the most abundant spruce in the region today.…”

Section: Forest Stagesupporting

confidence: 58%

“…In Maine, where the phenomenon was also observed in some pollen diagrams, Lindbladh et al (2003) suggested that it was probably the first time since deglaciation that P. rubens occurred abundantly. According to Webb (1986), the increasing representation of spruce pollen during the Late Holocene was probably due to cooler summers caused by decreased solar radiation in July in the northern hemisphere.…”

Section: Forest Stagementioning

confidence: 83%

“…At Heart Lake, an open spruce woodland lasted approximately 2300 years (13,170 cal BP), and tree species present included A. balsamea, B. papyrifera and L. laricina (Figure 4). Pollen and macrofossil analyses of some sites in northern New England (Lindbladh et al 2003;Thompson et al 2011;Miller & Griggs 2012) have shown that P. glauca was a component of these first forests. In Massachusetts, where spruce pollen was identified to the species level for some sites, P. glauca was dominant at first, but a transition to Picea mariana then followed (Lindbladh et al 2007).…”

Section: The Afforestation Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Glacial and Holocene vegetation history in the northern foothills of the Adirondack Mountains

Lavoie¹,

Pellerin²,

Larocque³

et al. 2015

Écoscience

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The postglacial history of vegetation at a regional scale is mainly governed by climate. However, the action of other environmental factors can lead to differentiation of the long-term vegetation dynamics in locations that are in proximity. In this context, the vegetation history of Covey Hill, at the northern tip of the Adirondack Mountains, was reconstructed using pollen analysis of a sediment core collected in a bog near the hilltop. This history was then compared with that of other sites in the Adirondacks, in the St. Lawrence Lowlands and in the Appalachian foothills to determine whether differentiations had occurred between sites across the landscape. Regionally, climate seems to have been the main driver of vegetation development. Differences between sites are most pronounced in regard to relative abundance of aspen and alder, and mostly occurred during the Late Glacial and early Holocene. Unlike other sites, fires occurred frequently on Covey Hill for several millennia, and most probably allowed the long-term maintenance of a rare pine barren. Finally, drier conditions are probably partly responsible for the hemlock decline evident around 5100 cal BP. RÉSUMÉL'histoire postglaciaire de la végétation à l'échelle régionale est principalement régie par le climat. Cependant, l'action d'autres facteurs écologiques peut mener à des différentiations dans la dynamique de la végétation pour des sites relativement proches spatialement. Dans ce contexte, l'histoire de la végétation de la colline de Covey, qui constitue l'extrémité septentrionale de la chaîne des Adirondacks, a été reconstituée grâce à l'analyse pollinique d'une carotte sédimentaire prélevée dans une tourbière près du sommet de la colline. Cette histoire a été comparée avec celle d'autres sites dans les Adirondacks, dans les basses-terres du St-Laurent et dans les contreforts des Appalaches afin de voir si des différenciations étaient survenues entre les sites à l'échelle du paysage. Régionalement, le climat semble avoir été le moteur principal de l'amorce des grandes étapes de végétation. Les principales différences entre les sites sont surtout survenues pendant le Tardiglaciaire et l'Holocène inférieur et concernent surtout l'abondance relative du peuplier et de l'aulne crispé. Des feux sont survenus fréquemment sur la colline. Ils ont probablement permis le maintien à long terme d'une rare lande de pins. Enfin, des conditions climatiques plus sèches seraient probablement en partie responsables du déclin de la pruche vers 5100 ans BP. KEYWORDS Adirondack Mountains; Holocene; Late Glacial; pollen analysis; postglacial vegetation history MOTS CLÉS Adirondacks ; analyse pollinique ; histoire postglaciaire de la végétation ; Holocène ; Tardiglaciaire NOMENCLATURE Brouillet et al. (2010+)

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Section: Forest Stagesupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Forest Stagementioning

confidence: 83%

Section: The Afforestation Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Glacial and Holocene vegetation history in the northern foothills of the Adirondack Mountains

Lavoie¹,

Pellerin²,

Larocque³

et al. 2015

Écoscience

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“…Although pollen grains are typically identified only to the genus or family level rather than species level, higher taxa distributions are also determined by climate, and relationships can therefore be constructed between taxa assemblages and their locations in climate space (Bartlein et al, 2011). In the NE US, many species identifications have been made from pollen data, which can refine the environmental interpretation (Lindbladh et al, 2003).…”

Section: Fossil Pollenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic history of the northeastern United States during the past 3000 years

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Many ecosystem processes that influence Earth system feedbacks -vegetation growth, water and nutrient cycling, disturbance regimes -are strongly influenced by multidecadal-to millennial-scale climate variations that cannot be directly observed. Paleoclimate records provide information about these variations, forming the basis of our understanding and modeling of them. Fossil pollen records are abundant in the NE US, but cannot simultaneously provide information about paleoclimate and past vegetation in a modeling context because this leads to circular logic. If pollen data are used to constrain past vegetation changes, then the remaining paleoclimate archives in the northeastern US (NE US) are quite limited. Nonetheless, a growing number of diverse reconstructions have been developed but have not yet been examined together. Here we conduct a systematic review, assessment, and comparison of paleotemperature and paleohydrological proxies from the NE US for the last 3000 years. Regional temperature reconstructions (primarily summer) show a long-term cooling trend (1000 BCE-1700 CE) consistent with hemispheric-scale reconstructions, while hydroclimate data show gradually wetter conditions through the present day. Multiple proxies suggest that a prolonged, widespread drought occurred between 550 and 750 CE. Dry conditions are also evident during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, which was warmer and drier than the Little Ice Age and drier than today. There is some evidence for an acceleration of the longer-term wetting trend in the NE US during the past century; coupled with an abrupt shift from decreasing to increasing temperatures in the past century, these changes could have wide-ranging implications for species distributions, ecosystem dynamics, and extreme weather events. More work is needed to gather paleoclimate data in the NE US to make inter-proxy comparisons and to improve estimates of uncertainty in reconstructions.

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“…Pollen cores in a number of interior Maine locations show that RS has only been in abundance for the last 1000 years when it has been relatively cool and wet compared with the previous 1000-7000 years when it was warmer and dryer, which favored pines (Pinus spp.) instead of spruces (Schauffler and Jacobson 2002;Lindbladh et al 2003). The predicted doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations during this century may change species' competitive relationships and result in new species combinations with no modern counterparts (Tjoelker et al 1998;Parker et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red and black spruce provenance growth and allocation under ambient and elevated CO2

Major

Mosseler

Johnsen

et al. 2015

Trees

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Key message Late-successional red spruce performed relatively better than faster growing black spruce under elevated carbon dioxide; this may be related to species' shade tolerance. Abstract We compared growth, components of growth, and biomass allocation between two largely sympatric spruces, red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.; RS) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.; BS) using 12 populations from across eastern Canada grown under ambient CO 2 (aCO 2 ) and elevated CO 2 (eCO 2 ) to evaluate absolute and relative responses to this increasing greenhouse gas. The 12 populations originated from continental to maritime environments, with seed collected from two proximate pairs of RS and BS stands from each of three provinces of eastern Canada-Ontario (ON), New Brunswick (NB), and Nova Scotia (NS)-considered here as provenances. Over 4 years, BS displayed increasingly greater height growth compared with RS. By the end of the 4th year, BS on average had 127 % greater total mass and 50 % greater root-collar diameter than RS. Bud flush was earlier for BS than RS, and BS bud flush occurred in the following order: ON, NB, NS. Under eCO 2 , BS and RS allocated more mass to stem (stem ? branches), and further analysis showed that 25 % of this difference in biomass allocation was attributable to increasing tree size, with the balance directly due to eCO 2 . As expected, BS allocated more to aboveground than belowground mass than RS due their respective status as early-and late-successional species. However, under eCO 2 , BS partitioned more belowground and RS more aboveground than under aCO 2 . Black spruce had greater growth efficiency (GE; stem mass to needle mass ratio) than RS; GE increased with eCO 2 , and the increase was greater for BS than RS. Elevated CO 2 resulted in a relative biomass enhancement of 10.8 and 18.0 % for BS and RS, respectively. This does not support the theory that faster growing species will have a competitive advantage compared with inherently slower growing plants under eCO 2 , but agrees with other observations that shade-tolerant species have greater response ratios to eCO 2 than shade-intolerant species. Also, despite high possibility of hybridization and introgression between the two species, particularly in the highly fragmented and small remnant populations from ON, the findings show that ON and NB remain true to species type for the major growth parameters, allometry, growth efficiencies, and physiological traits and that the provenance variation is mostly consistent with findings from common-garden studies.

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The postglacial history of three Picea species in New England, USA

Cited by 38 publications

References 44 publications

Late Glacial and Holocene vegetation history in the northern foothills of the Adirondack Mountains

Late Glacial and Holocene vegetation history in the northern foothills of the Adirondack Mountains

Climatic history of the northeastern United States during the past 3000 years

Red and black spruce provenance growth and allocation under ambient and elevated CO2

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