The possible threat of faking Covid-19 diagnostic tests and vaccination certifications: a call to an immediate action

Deguma, Melona C.; Deguma, Jabin J.

doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdab054

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…With the global economy in a state of emergency, individuals must exercise their social responsibility by avoiding and reporting any fraudulent COVID-19 tests, vaccines, or treatment to the appropriate authorities. At the same time, public health must also be grounded in ethical virtues (Deguma & Deguma, 2021).…”

Section: Public Integritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilising Causal Loop Diagram to Explore Public Integrity for Effective COVID-19 Preventive Measures in Malaysia

Cheng

Fadzline²,

Mohamad³

et al. 2023

JGI

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COVID-19 creates an unprecedented crisis in our lifetimes. The escalating rates of COVID-19 infection brings calamity to many parts of the world. Malaysia has been in a fierce battle with COVID-19 since March 2020 but the endgame is still obscure. Since the beginning of the pandemic, many preventive measures are implemented by the Malaysian government. Some of the strategies such as lockdown and movement restrictions are effective in flattening the curve of COVID-19. However, over a period of time, negative unintended consequences such as pandemic fatigue emerged due to prolong confinement. Lockdown is also an expensive measure that impacts the community livelihood and subsequently risking Malaysia’s economy. After two years of the pandemic, with the success of COVID-19 vaccination programme, Malaysia may be ready to return to normalcy. However, the world is alarmed with new deadly COVID-19 variant which puts Malaysia in constant risk of resurge of cases. This paper aims to understand how implemented preventive measures interacted with each other and collectively influence the spread of COVID-19 in Malaysia. Only by understanding these interaction, more effective, economical and sustainable counter measures that safe lives without compromising people livelihood can be introduced. The causal loop diagram, an essence of system dynamics is developed to capture these interconnections and provide meaningful insights. The role of community and public integrity are also observed in this study.

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Section: Public Integritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilising Causal Loop Diagram to Explore Public Integrity for Effective COVID-19 Preventive Measures in Malaysia

Cheng

Fadzline²,

Mohamad³

et al. 2023

JGI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They were then seized by the FDA (Di Crosta et al 2021). Even reports of falsifying the vaccination certificates were recently unveiled (Deguma and Deguma 2021). According to the Federal trade commissioner, a consumer loss of $500 million was estimated from 2020 to 2021 due to fraudulent products in the market in COVID times.…”

Section: Fraudulent Products For Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudoscience and fraudulent products for COVID-19 management

Chavda

Sonak

Munshi

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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As of now, the COVID-19 pandemic has become uncontrolled and is spreading widely throughout the world. Additionally, new variants of the mutated viral variants have been found in some countries that are more dangerous than the original strain. Even vaccines cannot produce complete protective immunity against the newer strains of SARS-CoV-2. Due to such a dreadful situation, lots of fear and depression have been created among the public. People are looking for the treatment of the disease at any cost and there is a race in the market to provide treatment and make money, whether it is effective or not! In such a condition, many fraud products, remedies, and myths have come into the market, which is falsely claimed to be effective for the disease and can harm the patients. Hence, FDA has banned such products and remedies. In this review, we have compiled all such fraudulent and pseudosciences identified for COVID-19. Currently, in the pandemic time, health agencies are approving the repurposed medicines based on the small-scale clinical data for emergency uses that become ineffective (most of the cases) after large randomized clinical studies. Proper vigilance strategies need to be defined by the regulatory agencies of the nation and routine awareness programs shall be arranged for educating the people and healthcare workers on routine updates.

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“…However, as noted, besides responding to context, agents can change context either through acting or through refraining from action. For example, after vaccination certificates became necessary to enter restaurants some individuals counterfeited them or banded together in political groups to stoke antivaccine beliefs (81). When choosing implementation strategies to increase vaccine uptake, such capacities need to be considered.…”

Section: Agencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding dynamic complexity in context—Enriching contextual analysis in implementation science from a constructivist perspective

et al. 2022

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Context in implementation science includes not only characteristics of a setting in which an intervention will be delivered, but also social systems (e.g., interrelationships). Context is dynamic and interacts with both, the intervention and its implementation. Therefore, contextual analysis is recognized as an indispensable part of implementation science methodology: it provides the foundation for successful and sustainable implementation projects. Yet, driven by the prevailing post-positivist understanding of context, contextual analysis typically focuses on individual characteristics of context i.e., contextual dynamics and interactions go unnoticed. Conducting contextual analysis from a constructivist perspective promotes a multilayered approach, building a more comprehensive understanding of context, and thus facilitating successful implementation. In this article, we highlight the limitations of prevailing perspectives on context and approaches to contextual analysis. We then describe how contextual analysis can be enriched by working from a constructivist perspective. We finish with a discussion of the methodological and practical implications the proposed changes would entail. Emerging literature attempts to address both the concept of context and methods for contextual analysis. Various theories, models and frameworks consider context, however, many of these are reductionistic and do not acknowledge the dynamic nature of context or interactions within it. To complement recent conceptualizations of context, we suggest consider the following five constructivist concepts: 1) social space; 2) social place; 3) agency; 4) sensation; and 5) embodiment. We demonstrate the value of these concepts using COVID-19 vaccination uptake as an example and integrate the concepts in the Context and Implementation of Complex Interventions (CICI) framework—an implementation science framework that pays ample attention to context. To study context from a constructivist perspective, we also suggest additional considerations in view of methodologies for data collection and analysis, e.g., rapid ethnographic methods. A constructivist perspective contributes to a stronger conceptualization of contextual analysis. Considering the five constructivist concepts helps to overcome contextual analysis' current shortcomings, while revealing complex dynamics that usually go unnoticed. Thus, more comprehensive understanding of context can be developed to inform subsequent phases of an implementation project, thereby maximizing an intervention's uptake and sustainability.

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The possible threat of faking Covid-19 diagnostic tests and vaccination certifications: a call to an immediate action

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Utilising Causal Loop Diagram to Explore Public Integrity for Effective COVID-19 Preventive Measures in Malaysia

Utilising Causal Loop Diagram to Explore Public Integrity for Effective COVID-19 Preventive Measures in Malaysia

Pseudoscience and fraudulent products for COVID-19 management

Understanding dynamic complexity in context—Enriching contextual analysis in implementation science from a constructivist perspective

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