The Possible Significance of Hexosephosphoric Esters in Ossification

Martland, Marjorie; Robison, Robert

doi:10.1042/bj0181354

Cited by 46 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…However, the physiological concentrations of calcium and Pi [ 68 ] are not high enough to induce heterogeneous precipitation on collagen [ 6 ] or from solution [ 69 ]. In 1923, Robison [ 70 ] suggested that an enzymatically controlled Pi-concentration increase would be possible by cleaving “an organic ester of phosphoric acid.” One candidate enzyme for this activity in bone tissue is APase, which is associated with apatite biomineralization [ 71 ]. Geochemists and geomicrobiologists have similarly attributed inorganic and biological phosphorite precipitation to a discrete, local increase in Pi concentration.…”

Section: Mineral Saturation States and Nucleationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Phosphate Mineral Nucleation in Biology and Geobiology

et al. 2013

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Relationships between geological phosphorite deposition and biological apatite nucleation have often been overlooked. However, similarities in biological apatite and phosphorite mineralogy suggest that their chemical formation mechanisms may be similar. This review serves to draw parallels between two newly described phosphorite mineralization processes, and proposes a similar novel mechanism for biologically controlled apatite mineral nucleation. This mechanism integrates polyphosphate biochemistry with crystal nucleation theory. Recently, the roles of polyphosphates in the nucleation of marine phosphorites were discovered. Marine bacteria and diatoms have been shown to store and concentrate inorganic phosphate (Pi) as amorphous, polyphosphate granules. Subsequent release of these P reserves into the local marine environment as Pi results in biologically induced phosphorite nucleation. Pi storage and release through an intracellular polyphosphate intermediate may also occur in mineralizing oral bacteria. Polyphosphates may be associated with biologically controlled apatite nucleation within vertebrates and invertebrates. Historically, biological apatite nucleation has been attributed to either a biochemical increase in local Pi concentration or matrix-mediated apatite nucleation control. This review proposes a mechanism that integrates both theories. Intracellular and extracellular amorphous granules, rich in both calcium and phosphorus, have been observed in apatite-biomineralizing vertebrates, protists, and atremate brachiopods. These granules may represent stores of calcium-polyphosphate. Not unlike phosphorite nucleation by bacteria and diatoms, polyphosphate depolymerization to Pi would be controlled by phosphatase activity. Enzymatic polyphosphate depolymerization would increase apatite saturation to the level required for mineral nucleation, while matrix proteins would simultaneously control the progression of new biological apatite formation.

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Section: Mineral Saturation States and Nucleationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Phosphate Mineral Nucleation in Biology and Geobiology

et al. 2013

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“…Hexosephosphate is hydrolyzed by bone phosphatase (11). Liver phosphatase splits glycerophosphate, glucose-1 and glucose-6 phosphate at about the same rate (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Amylolytic and Phosphatase Activity of Liver Tissue in Von Gierke's Disease 1

Thannhauser

Sorkin²,

Boncoddo³

1940

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…It is known that the alkaline phosphatase is a participating factor in bone formation (Martland & Robinson, 1924;Gomori, 1943 and others). This may take place on the removal of the inhibitor, pyrophosphate (Fleisch et al, 1966;Fourman & Royer, 1968).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of age and seasonal rhythm on the growth patterns of some small mammals in Finland and in Kirkenes, Norway

Hyvärinen

Heikura

1971

Journal of Zoology

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The intensity of growth of Sorex araneus L. and Clethrionomys glareolus Schreb. in the Oulu district of Finland is studied as a function of age and seasonal rhythm, and compared with the results of growth‐rate measurements of Sorex araneus L., Clethrionomys rufocanus Sund. and Clethrionomys rutilus Pall. in Kirkenes, Norway. It is assumed that the postnatal development of the Common shrew with its growth and regression phases is to some extent controlled by an endogenous seasonal rhythm. The growth of the voles is not as clearly controlled by these rhythms as that of the Common shrew although the growth of the Bank vole and Northern red‐backed vole is obviously considerably retarded in autumn and in winter.

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The Possible Significance of Hexosephosphoric Esters in Ossification

Cited by 46 publications

References 1 publication

A Review of Phosphate Mineral Nucleation in Biology and Geobiology

A Review of Phosphate Mineral Nucleation in Biology and Geobiology

The Amylolytic and Phosphatase Activity of Liver Tissue in Von Gierke's Disease 1

Effects of age and seasonal rhythm on the growth patterns of some small mammals in Finland and in Kirkenes, Norway

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