The Possible Role That Buffalo Played in the Recent Outbreaks of Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease in South Africa

Vosloo, Wilna; Boshoff, Karin; Dwarka, Rahana; Bastos, Armanda D.S.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04376.x

Cited by 50 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Five outbreaks of FMD in domestic livestock within the RSA were reported from 2000(OIE, 1992 and contact with infected wildlife was suspected in four of these outbreaks (Vosloo et al, 2002). The first two outbreaks were reported in Mpumalanga (serotype Except for the outbreak involving the O serotype, all other livestock outbreaks are believed to have been due to fence damage that allowed contact with buffalo (Vosloo et al, 2002;Vosloo et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contacts between domestic livestock and wildlife at the Kruger National Park Interface of the Republic of South Africa

Brahmbhatt

Fosgate

Dyason

et al. 2012

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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One of the most important transboundary animal diseases (TADs) in the southern African region is foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). In this region, a pathway for spread of FMD virus is contacts between cattle and certain species of wildlife. The objective of this study was to evaluate contacts between cattle and wildlife in the Kruger National Park (KNP) and the adjacent reported observing contacts between cattle and all wildlife species during OctoberMarch than AprilSeptember (p=0.012). However, no difference was found between these periods for contacts between cattle and individual wildlife species. A total of eighteen (32%) field rangers reported contacts between cattle and wildlife. The most common species-specific contacts were between cattle and buffalo (63/year), cattle and impala (17/year) and cattle and lion (10/year).There were no significant differences in rangers reporting observed contacts between cattle and wildlife during OctoberMarch versus AprilSeptember or between rangers reporting observed contacts outside versus within the KNP. Overall, there was no evidence of higher contact rates between cattle and wildlife in the study area during OctoberMarch compared to AprilSeptember. Contact data collected in this study can be used to better understand the transmission of FMD virus in this region.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first two outbreaks were reported in Mpumalanga (serotype Except for the outbreak involving the O serotype, all other livestock outbreaks are believed to have been due to fence damage that allowed contact with buffalo (Vosloo et al, 2002;Vosloo et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contacts between domestic livestock and wildlife at the Kruger National Park Interface of the Republic of South Africa

Brahmbhatt

Fosgate

Dyason

et al. 2012

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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“…These wildlife populations are infected by several important animal pathogens that can seriously impact animal production, beef exports and public health (Michel et al, 2006;Vosloo et al, 2002;Vosloo and Thomson, 2004). In an attempt to control the transmission of pathogens from wildlife to livestock and to mitigate human/wildlife conflict, many wildlife areas in Namibia (O'Conell-Rodwell et al, 2000), Botswana (Martin, 2005) and Zimbabwe (Sutmoller et al, 2000;Sutmoller, 2002) are bounded by thousands of kilometres of veterinary cordon fences (Thomson, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is also the case for the western and southern boundaries of the Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa, which are enclosed by 750 km of fence. This fence was erected in 1960 to separate cattle from African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer), the natural reservoirs of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus (Vosloo et al, 2002;Vosloo and Thomson, 2004). Since then, this fence has undergone several changes to improve its efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A questionnaire-based evaluation of the veterinary cordon fence separating wildlife and livestock along the boundary of the Kruger National Park, South Africa

Jori

Brahmbhatt

Fosgate

et al. 2011

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Veterinary cordon fences are used in Southern Africa to separate wildlife from domestic animals in order to prevent transmission of infectious diseases. Such fences are a control method recognized by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) for establishing disease-free zones in beef exporting countries. However, few studies have evaluated the ecological impact of these physical barriers or their effectiveness at a multispecies level. We examined the permeability of one such barrier, along 357 km of the western and southern boundary of the Kruger National Park (KNP) during 2007. Information was gathered using a semi-structured questionnaire implemented among 32 teams of fence maintenance workers. Data were analyzed to identify (a) the main causes of fence damage, (b) the seasonality, location and duration of fence repairs, (c) high permeability areas for elephant (Loxodonta africana), kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), impala (Aepyceros melampus), buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and warthog (Phacochoerus africanus), and (d) the influence of fence electrification, rivers and elephant damage on the frequency of observation of wildlife species outside the KNP estimated during the year. Human and elephant damage were the most common reasons for fence repairs. Elephant and buffalo were the most and least common large mammal species reported observed outside the KNP (1076 and 162 reports/year), respectively. Cattle incursions into the KNP were also reported in 44% of the fence sections. Electrification of the fence was an important factor explaining differences in estimated wildlife species observations outside the KNP during the year. Correlations between estimations of observed species suggested that fence gaps created by elephants might be used by the other wildlife species. Estimated annual counts of kudu, impala and buffalo, but not warthog, were found to correlate with elephant observations. Negative binomial regression models were developed to explore the relationships between observed estimations of different wildlife species outside the KNP the fence, electrification of fence sections and the presence of watercourses, suggesting that kudu, impala and buffalo could use elephant induced fence damage to leave the KNP. The questionnaire was able to evaluate fence integrity and identify sections where integrity was sub-optimal for separating wildlife from domestic livestock species. If combined with more quantitative methods and applied on a routine basis, it could provide an efficient and cost-effective method for monitoring the effectiveness of physical barriers to contain wildlife within protected areas such as is the case with veterinary cordon fences in Southern Africa. (Résumé d'auteur

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“…For example, foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in African buffalo spread to other susceptible wildlife and domestic livestock near Kruger National Park in South Africa (Vosloo et al 2002). Contact between humans and infected animals, through activities such as hunting or veterinary treatment, could facilitate transmission of Mycobacterium bovis to humans (Cooke et al 2002;Wilkins et al 2003;Baker et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PATHOGENS IN WATER DEER (HYDROPOTES INERMIS) IN SOUTH KOREA, 2010–12

Kim

Choi

Yoon

et al. 2014

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Water deer (Hydropotes inermis) are among the most common wildlife to approach farmhouses and livestock barns in Korea. We collected 305 water deer from Gangwon (n5168), South Chungcheong (n589), and Gyeongsang (n548) provinces in 2010-12 and used PCR and serologic tests to screen the deer for pathogens. In 2010, tests for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), rotavirus, and Brucella abortus were positive in 8% (5/60), 2% (1/60), and 59% (33/56) of the animals, respectively. In 2010, the water deer were negative for foot-and-mouth disease virus, coronaviruses, and Mycobacterium bovis. All samples collected in 2011 and 2012 were negative for all pathogens analyzed. These results suggest that at least two of the investigated pathogens, BVDV and B. abortus, circulate among water deer in South Korea.

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The Possible Role That Buffalo Played in the Recent Outbreaks of Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease in South Africa

Cited by 50 publications

References 11 publications

Contacts between domestic livestock and wildlife at the Kruger National Park Interface of the Republic of South Africa

Contacts between domestic livestock and wildlife at the Kruger National Park Interface of the Republic of South Africa

A questionnaire-based evaluation of the veterinary cordon fence separating wildlife and livestock along the boundary of the Kruger National Park, South Africa

PATHOGENS IN WATER DEER (HYDROPOTES INERMIS) IN SOUTH KOREA, 2010–12

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