The Possible Role of Interleukin (IL)-18 and Nitrous Oxide and Their Relation to Oxidative Stress in the Development and Progression of Breast Cancer

Abstract

Cancer breast is the most common malignant tumor in females globally, with newly diagnosed cases 2,088,849 and number of deaths of 626,679 reported by GOBOCAN (2018) and Bray et al., (2018) about half of the world cancer breast cases and the majority of the cancer breast deaths were reported to occur in the developing countries (Torre et al., 2017). In Egypt cancer breast represents 38.8% of newly diagnosed cancer cases among Egyptian females (Ibrahim et al., 2014). Breast cancer etiology and pathogenesis involve genetic, hormonal and other modifying factors. (Sotos et al., 2018) Mechanisms linking inflammatory cytokines and tumour growth and progression have not been established yet as some cytokines (IL2, IL11 and TGF beta) stimulate cancer breast growth and invasion, while others (IL12,IL 18and interferons) inhibit it (Capone et al., 2016). IL-18 has been found to play a dual role in cancer, as it can promote tumor development, progression, migration, invasion, and metastasis. However, it enhances

Development and validation of stable ferroptosis‐ and pyroptosis‐related signatures in predicting prognosis and immune status in breast cancer

“…CASP9 is an essential therapeutic target for various apoptosis‐related diseases, including cancer 46 . IL‐18 plays a dual role in cancer by promoting tumour development, progression, invasion, migration and metastasis 47 . The roles of CASP9 and IL‐18 in BC have been extensively reported.…”

“…46 IL-18 plays a dual role in cancer by promoting tumour development, progression, invasion, migration and metastasis. 47 The roles of CASP9…”

Identification and validation of a pyroptosis-related prognostic signature for thyroid cancer

“…IL-18 was originally identified as an interferon (IFN)-γ-inducing factor and involved in Th1 and Th2 responses in T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages [ 34 ]. IL-18 plays a dual role in cancer, as it promotes tumor development, progression and metastasis and it enhances anti-tumor immunity and reduces tumor growth in a matter depending on cancer progression [ 35 ]. IL-18 in combination with IL-12, through the activation of NK and cytotoxic T-cells, produced IFN-γ, which contributed to tumor immunity and had anti-tumor activity in different preclinical models.…”

Inflammasomes in breast cancer: the ignition spark of progression and resistance?

“…Contrarily, literature demonstrated IL-18 as a pro-oncogenic cytokine (Ref. 75) where its expression in BC led to enhanced invasion, metastasis (Refs 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81), migration (Refs 76, 82), proliferation (Ref. 83), angiogenesis (Ref.…”