The possible influence of nitrogen and acid deposition on forest growth in Norway

Solberg, Svein; Andreassen, Kjell; Clarke, Nicholas; Tørseth, Kjetil; Tveito, Ole Einar; Strand, Geir-Harald; Tomter, Stein Michael

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.036

Cited by 58 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The factors used to explain the observed trends in the studies mentioned above include enhanced growth of forests that were previously negatively impacted by acid deposition (Ulrich et al, 2006;Vesely et al, 2002), trends in N deposition and decreased soil capacity to retain deposited N (Kopacek et al, 2005;Burns et al, 2006;Rogora et al, 2001). Forests at the sites in our study have not shown signs of growth deterrence by acid deposition and are presently not growing faster than previously (Solberg et al, 2004) while N deposition in the sites has not changed significantly. The declining trends in Storgama and Langtjern can logically not be explained from increases in soil N towards a state of N saturation, while Kårvatn (where nitrate increased) is located in a low deposition area where significant enrichment of soils with N towards saturation is not plausible.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Winter climate affects long-term trends in stream water nitrate in acid-sensitive catchments in southern Norway

Wit

Hindar

Hole

2008

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Controls of stream water NO 3 in mountainous and forested catchments are not thoroughly understood. Longterm trends in stream water NO 3 are positive, neutral and negative, often apparently independent of trends in N deposition. Here, time series of NO 3 in four small acid-sensitive catchments in southern Norway were analysed in order to identify likely drivers of long-term changes in NO 3 . In two sites, stream water NO 3 export declined ca 50% over a period of 25 years while in the other sites NO 3 export increased with roughly 20%. Discharge and N deposition alone were poor predictors of these trends. The most distinct trends in NO 3 were found in winter and spring. Empirical models explained between 45% and 61% of the variation in weekly concentrations of NO 3 , and described both upward and downward seasonal trends tolerably well. Key explaining variables were snow depth, discharge, temperature and N deposition. All catchments showed reductions in snow depth and increases in winter discharge. In two inland catchments, located in moderate N deposition areas, these climatic changes appeared to drive the distinct decreases in winter and spring concentrations and fluxes of NO 3 . In a coast-near mountainous catchment in a low N deposition area, these climatic changes appeared to have the opposite effect, i.e. lead to increases in especially winter NO 3 . This suggests that the effect of a reduced snow pack may result in both decreased and increased catchment N leaching depending on interactions with N deposition, soil temperature regime and winter discharge.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Winter climate affects long-term trends in stream water nitrate in acid-sensitive catchments in southern Norway

Wit

Hindar

Hole

2008

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Needle analyses might provide information only about the effect of environmental conditions in the current year (Solberg, Torseth 1997;Sutinen et al 1998). This would also be true of analyses of soil changes induced by air pollution and interpreting these changes in connection with tree physiology (Matzner, Murach 1995;Solberg et al 2004). …”

Section: Variation In the 13mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can 13C stable isotope record of Norway spruce tree rings display the effect of environmental conditions?

Píšová¹,

Svoboda²,

Šantrůček³

et al. 2008

J. For. Sci.

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The Bohemian Forest Mts. (Šumava) were exposed to heavy atmospheric pollution in the last century. A possible negative effect of atmospheric pollution on tree physiology has been studied using the isotopic composition, Δ13C, of tree rings. The wood is depleted of 13C relative to the air due to isotopic discrimination against 13C and preferred uptake of 12C during photosynthesis. The ratio 13C/12C (Δ13C) reflects the relative magnitudes of net assimilation and stomatal conductance that relate to demand and supply of CO2. Carbon-13 data are thus a useful index for assessing intrinsic water use efficiency (mark period of drought or root system damages) and also could indicate assimilation organ injure (needle damage caused due to acid rain etc.). A decrease in Δ13C implies a negative effect of environmental conditions on tree physiology. Presumably, changes in soil pH and aluminium content as an indirect effect of atmospheric pollution could have an impact on tree physiology. Our results showed that the isotopic signal varied around the average, but the Δ13C signal was decreasing from the 1950s to 1980s and then increasing again starting in the 1990s. This trend is in accordance with the monitored atmospheric pollution and soil solution pH changes.

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“…Research into the impacts of acid deposition on boreal forests has produced varying results. Some studies have quantified impacts on forest growth (DeHayes et al 1999;Ouimet et al 2001), while the results of other studies suggest acid deposition is not currently damaging the growth of boreal forests (e.g., Hall 1995, Binkley and Högberg 1997, Solberg et al 2004 and is less serious than originally believed (Menz and Seip 2004).…”

Section: Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National circumstances in the international circumboreal community

Wulder¹,

Campbell²,

White³

et al. 2007

The Forestry Chronicle

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Boreal forest nations are often thought to have similar environmental, social, and economic contexts. In this communication we show that boreal forest nations are a disparate grouping, with some similarities and many differences. Highlighting these differing national contexts provides insights into how a given nation utilizes the boreal forests over which it holds stewardship responsibilities. Current national contexts are related to each nation's physiography, climate, history, legacy of past forest management, the timing of transition from natural to plantation forests, population density and distribution, and access to resources and markets. Boreal forests are dominated by pioneer species that are resilient to disturbance and have a demonstrated ability to adapt to past climate changes. National responses to natural disturbances are linked to forest area, ownership, and management intensity. Boreal forests in large nations (e.g., Canada, Russian Federation) are typically publicly owned, and disturbances such as fire are allowed to progress naturally over remote areas. In smaller nations, where there is often a greater proportion of private ownership and a focus on production forestry, natural disturbances are more aggressively controlled (e.g., Sweden, Finland). Large nations with low boreal human population densities have a greater proportion of natural boreal forest, with relatively higher levels of biodiversity when compared to the fully managed forests of some smaller boreal nations. In smaller nations, the combination of limited forest area and private ownership has facilitated the dominance of intensive sustainable forestry management practices (e.g., Finland). Conversely, in nations with more spatially extensive forest assets that are publicly owned and managed to meet multiple objectives, extensive sustainable forest management practices dominate (e.g., Canada, Russian Federation).Key words: boreal forest, global, national circumstances, environmental, social, economic, forestry practices, Canada RÉSUMÉ Les pays forestiers nordiques sont souvent perçus comme ayant un contexte environnemental, social et économique semblable. Dans cet article, nous démontrons que les pays forestiers constituent un groupe disparate ayant quelques similitudes et plusieurs différences. La mise en évidence de ces contextes nationaux différents permet une vision intrinsèque de l'utilisation faite par un pays donné des forêts boréales pour lesquelles il détient des responsabilités d'intendance. Les contextes nationaux actuels sont décrits selon la géographie physique, le climat, l'histoire, l'héritage de l'aménagement forestier antérieur, l'époque de la transition des forêts naturelles vers les plantations, la densité et la distribution de la population, ainsi que l'accès à la ressource et aux marchés de chaque pays. Les forêts boréales sont dominées par des espèces pionnières qui sont résilientes suite à une perturbation et ont une capacité démontrée de s'être adaptées aux changements climatiques du passé. Les réacti...

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The possible influence of nitrogen and acid deposition on forest growth in Norway

Cited by 58 publications

References 27 publications

Winter climate affects long-term trends in stream water nitrate in acid-sensitive catchments in southern Norway

Winter climate affects long-term trends in stream water nitrate in acid-sensitive catchments in southern Norway

Can <sup>13</sup>C stable isotope record of Norway spruce tree rings display the effect of environmental conditions?

National circumstances in the international circumboreal community

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