The possibilities of analysis of limestone chemical composition

Abstract

Abstract. The aim of this work is to show commonly used procedures and methods for limestone analysis. The samples were measured with Inductively Coupled Plasma with Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) for chemical compositions determination. For these measurements, the samples were decomposed by dissolving in acid, melting into solution and decomposed by microwave. Due to the time and financial demands of these analyses, there were an effort how to find a satisfactory method providing sufficient results with less time and financial demands. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) method was first tested, followed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Samples were measured in powder and melted into pearls. The evaluation was carried out by using of the Fundamental parameters method and by means of instrument calibration. The method of combustion elemental analysis was selected to determine of the sulfur content. IntroductionThe limestone has been used by humans for several thousand years, and there still grow the possibilities of processing and using of this raw material. Limestone was formed mainly as sedimentary rocks. Most limestones originated in the seas and their genesis was associated with rockforming organisms. Limestones were also created in fresh waters, lakes, rivers and caves. The main conditions for the formation of limestone were the climate and the absence of clay or sandy material. Calcium carbonate has several polymorphic modifications. In nature, it is predominantly as minerals of calcite and aragonite. Calcite is usually sediment from organic origin. Aragonite secreted from solutions at higher temperatures or in the presence of sulfates. It may also have a biogenic origin from the shells of some molluscs [1].Limestones are rocks predominantly made by minerals of calcite (calcium carbonate with trigonal structure, CaCO3). They are solid and grained sedimentary rocks of organic or chemical origin. The calcium carbonate content is often above 95%. Most of the limestones were formed by the settling of limestone canals of animals and plants, mainly in the sedimentary basins of the sea. These limestones are called organogenic. In a small amount, limestones were excreted from aqueous solutions in karst lands. Conversion of limestones at high temperature and pressure resulted in crystalline limestones (marbles) in which calcite recrystallized so that the calcareous shells of animals did not appear in marble. Limes only rarely occur clean. Mostly they have admixtures of clay, carbonates, dolomite, sand, or phosphates or iron-containing minerals [1].

CO2 Removal With Enhanced Weathering and Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement: Potential Risks and Co-benefits for Marine Pelagic Ecosystems

“…Values given in Table 1 are means ±SD of 609 Si, 604 Ca, 665 Mg, 496 Fe, and 145 Ni dunite samples all of which are globally distributed. For CaO, we used approximate compositions of CaCO 3 precursors from America and central Europe (Gabe and Rodella, 1999;Galván-Ruiz et al, 2009;Šiler et al, 2018). Table 1 shows that the perturbation potential under an even distribution of minerals scales with element background concentrations in seawater.…”

A New Chemical Method to Predict Grindability Index (HGI) for Limestones

“…As it is previously explained, a total of 58 limestone samples (22 of which is collected from Quarry-1 and 36 of which is collected from Quarry-2) were analyzed and corresponding data was tabulated. 9 (1) As it is presented in Table 1 and Table 2, chemical composition data for both quarries includes major oxide percentages (MgO, SiO2, CaO, Fe2O3, Al2O3) and LOI (%). Although chemical composition data for both quarry is available for other element oxides like K2O, TiO2, P2O5, Na2O, BaO, MnO and etc, tabulated data only includes the abovementioned major oxides, i.e.…”

“…Limestones are formed mainly as sedimentary rocks and the main formation conditions include climate and absence of clay or sandy material [1]. Limestones have mostly calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate compounds and some impurities like iron, aluminum, silica, and sulfur presents at different amounts (depending on the type and formation) in their structures.…”

Synthesis, Structural, Morphological and Thermal Characterization of Five Different Silica-Polyethylene Glycol-Chlorogenic Acid Hybrid Materials

“…In order to confirm the stoichiometry of the synthesized materials the Si content was evaluated by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) measurements, similarly to what has been recently made for Ca-containing silicate gel-glasses and limestone, respectively [ 7 , 64 ].…”