The POSEIDON Supersite Observatory. A Technological Test-bed for the Eastern Mediterranean

Frangoulis, Constantin; Petihakis, George; Perivoliotis, L.; Κορρές, Γεράσιμος; Ballas, D.; Pagonis, Paris; Notumas, Manolis; Pettas, Manos; Sotiropoulou, Maria; Bekiari, Margarita; Kalampokis, Alkiviadis; Ravdas, Michalis; Bourma, Evi; Christodoulaki, Sylvia; Zacharioudaki, Anna; Triantafyllou, G.; Tsiaras, Kostas; Varotsou, Eirini; Velanas, Spyros

doi:10.1109/oceanse.2019.8867105

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

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“…Over the last few years, POSEIDON (www.poseidon.hcmr.gr), the Eastern Mediterranean ocean observatory dedicated to multiple in-situ observations, has been progressively integrating pH and pCO 2 sensors in the Cretan Sea which is the most platform-dense (supersite) subsystem of POSEIDON with two fixed platforms (Figure 1) and moving ones like gliders, Argos and a Ferrybox (Petihakis et al, 2018;Frangoulis et al, 2019). These carbonate system observations contribute to the JERICO-coastal research infrastructure, aiming to close the gaps in the coastal ocean monitoring efforts, both in terms of spatio-temporal range of observations and of variables included (Farcy et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A carbonate system time series in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Two years of high-frequency in-situ observations and remote sensing

Frangoulis,

Stamataki,

Pettas

et al. 2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The rate of ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2 has declined over the past decade, so a critical question for science and policy is whether the ocean will continue to act as a sink. Large areas of the ocean remain without observations for carbonate system variables, and oceanic CO2 observations have declined since 2017. The Mediterranean Sea is one such an area, especially its eastern part, where there is a paucity of carbonate system data, with large areas not sampled or only sampled by ship-based discrete measurements as opposed to high frequency, sensor-equipped time-series fixed stations. The aim of this study was to analyze a multi-year time-series of high-frequency (hourly) partial pressure CO2 (pCO2) and pH measurements in the Eastern Mediterranean, along with low-frequency (monthly) measurements of total dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity. The pCO2 time-series was the first obtained in the Eastern Mediterranean. The study was conducted at a fixed platform of the POSEIDON system (Heraklion Coastal Buoy) located near Crete Island. Temperature was the dominant factor controlling the temporal variability of pCO2 and pH, while the remaining non-thermal variability appeared to be related to evaporation, water mixing, and biological remineralization-production. The air-sea CO2 fluxes indicated a transition from a winter-spring sink period to a summer-autumn source period. The annual air-sea CO2 flux was too low (-0.16 ± 0.02 mol m-2 yr-1) and variable to conclusively characterize the area as a net source or sink of CO2, highlighting the need for additional high frequency observation sites. Algorithms were developed using temperature, chlorophyll and salinity data to estimate pCO2 and total alkalinity, in an effort to provide tools for estimates in poorly observed areas/periods from remotely sensed products. The applicability of the algorithms was tested using Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) data from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (1999 to 2020) which showed that the algorithm pCO2 estimates were generally within ±20 μatm of the pCO2 values reported by SOCAT. Finally, the integration and analysis of the data provided directions on how to optimize the observing strategy, by readapting sensor location and using estimation algorithms with remote sensing data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A carbonate system time series in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Two years of high-frequency in-situ observations and remote sensing

Frangoulis,

Stamataki,

Pettas

et al. 2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The POSEIDON Ocean Observing System: Technological Development and Challenges

Ntoumas

Perivoliotis

Petihakis

et al. 2022

JMSE

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Advanced marine observation infrastructures are the most significant scientific tool for the study of marine ecosystem trends and shifts. Ocean monitoring technologies, though highly demanding and expensive, are essential for the monitoring and long-term study of oceanic systems. The POSEIDON system for monitoring and forecasting the marine environment is an augmented research infrastructure, unique in the Eastern Mediterranean basin, contributing to the European Ocean Observing System implementation, focusing—among others—on biogeochemical observations and deep-sea ecosystem and geological processes. The technological evolution of the POSEIDON system through a science-coupled strategy supported by engineers and scientists, resulted in a state-of-the-art ocean observing system. There has been a continuous expansion of the infrastructure with new scientific platforms and supporting facilities. Innovative sensing technologies were introduced in the operational data acquisition and new methodologies and tools were developed to improve the system operations and efficiency. As a part of the scientific community of ocean observatories, POSEIDON contributes actively to the improving of the ocean observing. International access to engineering and field demonstrating services, data products and technology testing facilities has been offered to scientists and industry partners. POSEIDON is a widely recognizable international technology testing/demonstrating node specializing in marine technology providing high-level services.

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The POSEIDON Supersite Observatory. A Technological Test-bed for the Eastern Mediterranean

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

A carbonate system time series in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Two years of high-frequency in-situ observations and remote sensing

A carbonate system time series in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Two years of high-frequency in-situ observations and remote sensing

The POSEIDON Ocean Observing System: Technological Development and Challenges

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